3. For many years there was only one market – the listed market for well-established companies on the floor of the London Stock Exchange, but in 1980, a second market was created within the Stock Exchange – the Unlisted Securities Market for companies unable to meet the requirements of full listing on the Exchange. In 1987 a further development in this direction saw the estab1ishment of the third market for shares of companies which were very young and had growth prospects.
4. The London Stock Exchange is the world's largest market for trading international securities – in 1994 its turnover reached 719 billion pounds. Over 460 international companies have chosen to list in London – more than on any other exchange. For centuries London has been serving the needs of international business. Companies around the world rely on its experience – to raise money, see their securities more widely traded or simply enhance their status within financial community. For Central European business seeking to move into international area London remains the first choice.
VII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний и выпишите их(10б.)
1) подписчики;
2) образование рынков ценных бумаг;
3) объединение;
4) Совет объединенных фондовых бирж;
5) высокоорганизованный финансовый рынок;
6) ценные бумаги;
7) пройти строгую процедуру избрания членом биржи;
8) уровень доходов;
9) устойчивость финансового положения;
10) защита инвестиций;
11) финансовые операции;
12) хорошо зарекомендовавшие себя компании;
13) в рамках;
14) незарегистрированный рынок ценных бумаг;
15) полная регистрация на бирже;
16) перспективы роста;
17) отвечать потребностям (нуждам);
18) полагаться на опыт;
19) торговать ценными бумагами;
20) повышать статус.
VIII. Найдите в третьем абзаце текста предложение, содержащее прилагательное в сравнительной степени. Выпишите это предложение, подчеркните прилагательное, укажите его положительную и превосходную степень и переведите это предложение.(10б.)
IX. Найдите в 1, 2 абзацах текста восемь случаев употребления модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Выпишите эти предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты и письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.(10б.)
X. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 4 абзацы текста.(10б.)
XI. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.(20б.)
1. What can be regarded as one of the first Stock Exchanges in the world?
2. What requirements do the Stock Exchange member firms have to meet in order to be listed on the Stock Exchange?
3. What is the controlling body of the London Stock Exchange?
4. What is the second market of the London Stock Exchange?
5. What market was formed in 1987?
Вариант № 3
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и конструкции, содержащие the ... the; as ... as.(5б.)
1. The more securities are issued on the Stock Exchange the more shares and bonds can be bought and sold.
2. Any individual investor is as important as an institutional investor.
3. The liquidity of securities is one of the most essential factors on the Stock Exchange.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на оборот there is / there are.(5б.)
1. There is no money left on my account.
2. There is a central bank for all states in the USA which is called the Federal Reserve Bank.
3. There are various types of securities: shares, bonds, etc.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.(10б.)
1. You shouldn't buy risky shares.
2. This bank will be able to offer a great variety of new services to its customers.
3. We had to borrow a lot of money to pay for the new equipment.
4. We are to meet and discuss all the details of our financial position.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.
Переведите предложения на русский язык (10б.)
1. The company has been paid a large amount of money.
2. Our firm has extended its resources through the use of credits.
3. They have been discussing the prospects of financial activity of our company for a long time.
4. The bank offered a loan to one of its clients after he had signed a note promising to repay it on a certain date.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию глагола to have.(10б.)
1. We had to create an effective system of communication for our business.
2. Our company hadn't provided any services until we introduced some structural changes.
3. In recent years the development of the small business sector has been paid much attention to.
4. I have fifty shares of that company.
5. The client has just taken a large sum of money from his account.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите следующий текст.
BUYNG AND SELLING SECURITIES
1. The investor who wishes to buy securities should approach the broker who will undertake the purchase for him. The Stock Exchange is a highly organized financial market. Only experts are allowed to deal on such a market, because ordinary people can mаke a bad bargain and lose their money. Only experts with experience on the financial market are able to judge what a fair price for securities is.
2. There are two classes of experts: brokers and jobbers. The broker buys and sells shares on behalf of the customer or he is allowed to deal on his own account. Brokers are paid by the client according to the fixed scale of charges, usually 1,25 per cent. Brokers are allowed to advise the clients on their investment, but they are not allowed to advertise.
3. Brokers execute their clients' orders by dealing with jobbers. The jobber is a wholesaler of shares. A broker wishing to sell shares on behalf of the client obtains them from the jobber at a fair price. The difference between the jobber's buying price and the price at which he sells securities is the jobber's return. As the market is highly competitive, it is unlikely that the jobber's return will be excessive.
4. As the Stock Exchange today has more than nine thousand different securities a jobber will not be able to work properly with all of them. A jobber or a firm of jobbers usually concentrates on two or three classes of shares because no one can be an expert in all classes of securities.
5. If the company decides to issue securities it should take the following steps:
a) the company has to obtain advice usually from a merchant bank and obtain the services of a stockbroker;
b) the Stock Exchange must examine the company's trading history, profit and loss account, management record and prospects;
c) the number and types of shares that are to be issued should be defined;
d) the company's prospectus is to be published giving details of the company and price of the shares it is offering for sale;
e) applications for shares made by the public are allocated;
f) finally, shares are traded on the Stock Exchange.
Success of the company is measured by how many of the shares have been bought and how much they have risen in price.
VII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний и выпишите их(10б.)
1) совершить покупку;
2) работать на рынке;
3) совершить плохую сделку;
4) терять деньги;
5) опыт работы на рынке финансов;
6) оптимальная цена на акцию;
7) от имени;
8) действовать самостоятельно;
9) шкала расценок;
10) давать рекламу;
11) оптовик;
12) прибыль (доход);
13) работать должным образом;
14) отчет о прибылях и убытках;
15) отчет о деятельности руководства;
16) перспективы;
17) проспект компании;
18) предлагать для продажи;
19) заявки на акции;
20) размещать.
VIII. Найдите в четвертом абзаце текста предложение, содержащее наречие в сравнительной степени. Выпишите это предложение, подчеркните наречие, укажите его положительную и превосходную степень и переведите это предложение.(10б.)
IX. Найдите в 1, 2, 4 абзацах текста девять случаев употребления модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Выпишите эти предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.(10б.)
X. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3 и 5 абзацы текста.(10б.)
XI. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.(20б.)
1.Who is allowed to deal on the Stock Exchange?
2.What is the broker's function on the Stock Exchange?
3.Is the broker allowed to deal on his own account on the Stock Exchange?
4.How does the jobber get his return?
5.Why does the jobber usually concentrate on two or three classes of securities
Вариант № 4
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на степени сравнения прилагательных и конструкции, содержащие the ... the; as ... as.(5б.)
1. The more highly qualified experts deal on the Stock Exchange the more smoothly it functions.
2. The brokers are as important on the Stock Exchange as the jobbers.
3. It is the best transaction I have ever made.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот there is / there are.(5б.)
1. There are two main classes of experts on the Stock Exchange: brokers and jobbers.
2. There is a brokerage firm somewhere here.
3. There are many various financial institutions: pension funds, insurance companies, building societies and others.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.(10б.)
1. You should install modern computers in your bank.
2. The American National Bank will soon be able to offer a great variety of new and less expensive services to its clients.
3. His job responsibilities are to be clearly defined.
4. They had to pay ten thousand dollars to their shareholders as dividends.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выпишите из каждого глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.(10б.)
1. Due to recession a lot of small companies had gone out of business by the end of 1996.
2. We have been trying to obtain credits from various banks since the beginning of the year.
3. The capital will have been raised by the next quarter.
4. The revenue of the company has doubled recently.
V. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на функцию глагола to have.(10б.)
1. All company records have already been checked by the auditor.
2. Before the company shares can be bought and sold the company has to be listed on the Stock Exchange.
3. It was the most difficult problem that we had to solve.
4. I have some ordinary shares.
5. By 1987 all county exchanges of Great Britain had grouped themselves into six regional exchanges.
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите следующий текст.
FROM BARTER TO A HIGHLY ORGANIZED MARKET
1. Since ancient times people have always needed various things: essentials like food and clothing and some non-essential commodities. Money didn't exist in those days so people had to trade with each other or barter to obtain goods they wanted.
2. The first trades were probably animal skins and grains. These exchanges were as usual as day and night and soon such commonplace commodities like grains started to assume the role of money. For instance, in early Egypt barley became an accepted means of payment for goods and services. By 700 B.C. the Egyptians had abandoned barley and adopted gold as an instrument of exchange. Being a rare and beautiful metal, gold had become the universal symbol of wealth and power.
3. A hundred years later King Croesus of ancient Lydia (now Western Turkey) gained control over Asian richest gold mines. It was Croesus who ordered the first gold coin to be minted. Bearing the image of a lion and a bull the coin became an ideal standard of exchange for trade and commerce. It was much easier to use coins in transactions than raw gold because people didn't have to weigh them to define their value.
4. By the fifteenth century trade and commerce had expanded greatly. There was a great need for a more perfect system of making payments.
5. Nowadays money is used for buying or selling goods, for measuring value of commodities and keeping economic balance. Almost any society has its own monetary system. This monetary system would not be able to function properly without a great number of Stock Exchanges scattered all over any developed country of the world.
6. What is the Stock Exchange? It is a highly organized financial market where various types of securities can be bought and sold. Only experts can deal on such a market. As for non-specialists they are not allowed here. Only using sophisticated electronic equipment a highly qualified expert staff is able to execute a good transaction and find the best obtainable price on securities which are bought and sold. The best obtainable price is the right or fair price which suits both buyers and sellers and permits specialists of the Stock Exchange to earn their money.
VII. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний и выпишите их: (10б.)
1) с древних времен;
2) товары первой необходимости;
3) вести натуральный обмен;
4) выполнять роль денег;
5) общепринятое средство платежа за товары и услуги;
6) инструмент (средство) обмена;
7) богатейшие золотые прииски;
8) отлить золотую монету;
9) сделка;
10) необработанное золото;
11) определить цену товара;
12) для сохранения экономического баланса;
13) денежная система;
14) фондовая биржа;
15) ценные бумаги;
16) вести дела на рынке;
17) высококвалифицированный штат экспертов;
18) совершить хорошую сделку;
19) найти оптимальную цену;
20) цена, которая устраивает как покупателей, так и продавцов.
VIII. Найдите в шестом абзаце текста предложение, содержащее прилагательное в превосходной степени. Выпишите это предложение, подчеркните прилагательное, укажите его положительную и сравнительную степень и переведите это предложение.(10.)
IX. Найдите в 1, 3, 5, 6 абзацах текста семь случаев употребления модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов. Выпишите эти предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.(10б.)
X. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 4 абзацы текста.(10б.)
XI. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.(20б.)
1. Why did people in ancient times have to barter with each other to obtain goods they wanted?
2. What was an accepted means of payment in early Egypt?
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