Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов 2 -4 курсов отделения механизации сельского хозяйства Рассмотрено на заседании пцк

1. Call equivalents following international words:

region, climate, machine, tractor, combine, bulldozer, to mechanize, tendency, tradition, traditional, industrial.

2. What questions are answered in the text:

1. 
   Из каких отраслей состоит сельское хозяйство?
   
2. 
   Когда люди начали выращивать сельскохозяйственные культуры?
   
3. 
   Может ли человек жить, не выращивая культуры?
   
4. 
   О каких интенсивных технологиях говорится в тексте?
   

3. Answer the following questions
1. Why is agriculture very important?

2. What are the two branches of agriculture?

3. What does the Latin word "agre" mean?

4. Is life possible without plants?

5. Where are farm crops used?

6. How do people increase crop yields?

Text 2. Two branches of agriculture

There are two main branches of agricultural production — crop produc­tion and animal husbandry.

Crop production is the practice of growing and harvesting crops. The most important crops grown by man are grain crops, vegetables and grasses. In order to obtain high yields crops are grown under favorable soil and climatic conditions.

Animal husbandry is a branch of agriculture including the breeding of
farm animals and their use. Dairy and beef cattle, hogs, sheep, and poultry
are widely bred throughout the world. Farm animals are highly important
sources of food for man. They are kept for the production of such nutritious
products as meat, milk and eggs.

Many crops grown by man are used in feeding livestock. At the same time manure produced by farm animals is an important source for the maintenance of soil fertility . Most of the nutrients taken by plants from the soil are thus returned. Applying manure, farmers improve the physical condition of the soil.

Thus, crop production and animal husbandry are closely connected with each other.

Explanations to the text:
Under… conditions – при (в) … условиях

With each other – друг с другом
Notes:

Some – несколько, некоторый

The same – тот же самый, один и тот же
Learn the words.

1. Answer the following questions

1. What are the two branches of agriculture?

2. What is crop production?

3. What are the main farm crops?

4. What does animal husbandry include?

5. What products do farm animals produce?

6. What is manure used for?

7. How do farmers improve the physical condition of the

soil?

2. Translate the sentences (pay attention to the words some and same):

1. Some farmers keep poultry in poultry houses in summer and in winter.

2. All grain crops take the same nutrients from the soil.

3. Some cultural practices are highly effective in controlling weeds.

4. These two farmers use the same methods in growing vegetables.

3. Make a dialogue.

4. Find 3 adjectives and form three degrees of comparison.

Read and translate the dialogue:

Text 3. We go to the state farm

1. 
   
   

Alexei: Hello, everybody, grand news'. We're going to work on the kolkhoz just like real kolkhozniks do. There'll be a school team and we'll get paid for our work.

Vasily: Shall we? But we have got to learn how to work. It's not so

easy with all the modern machinery. We'll make poor workers. I'm afraid.

Alexei: Never mind, we'll manage.

Vasily: You are a young naturalist, and a gifted one, You've got

some knowledge of farming, but we haven’ t.

Grisha: I'm terribly keen on becoming a tractor-driver!

Vasily: Better be a combine-driver, but you never will.

Gnsha: Won't 1? And why, if I may ask?

Alexei: Because your favourite mark in physics is «two»

Grisha: That has nothing to do with my wish to work as a tractor-driver!

Vasily: Hasn't it? Look at him, comrades, he... . Hush, the head­master' s coming, he'll tell us everything about our work on the kolkhoz.

2. 
   
   

Andrei: Hello, Misha, everything's all right!

Masha: What is all right? What are you talking about?

Andrei: You know that Dad wants me to work on the hog farm, but I do not want to.

Misha: Yes, I know that you've quarrelled because of that.

Andrei: I think a man isn’t much use on a farm now if he does not know everything about machines. Mechanization is what I’m interested in.

Misha: I know that. You'd better tell me what's happened.

Andrei; Well, Mum came home upset because something had , gone wrong with the milking machine at the dairy-farm.

Misha: But there is Vlasov who does all the repairs.

Andrei: He is gone to town. And I asked Mum to let me have a go. I saw she didn't believe I could do it, but she took me to the dairy-farm and I repaired the machine in half an hour. Now it works all right.

Misha: Does your father know about it?

Andrei: Oh, yes. He said “Congratulations” and not a word about the hog farm.

1. Learn the dialogue by heart .

2. Find English equivalents.

Комбайнёр, что случилось, школьная команда, молочная ферма, механизация – вот чем я интересуюсь, всё в порядке, знания о фермерстве, работать в колхозе, современные машины, что ты скажешь об этом.

3. Write 3 forms of verbs:

To be, to know, to go, to do, to work, to say, to make, to come, to ask, to happen.

Read and translate the text:

Text 4. Plant, its parts and their functions

Plants are highly important sources of food for man and farm animals. They also supply people with clothing, shelter and many other things as well.

To obtain high yields of farm crops it is necessary to study the principal parts of the plant and their functions.

The principal parts of a plant are the root system and the above ground portion¹ consisting of stems, leaves, flowers and seeds.

The root performs two main functions. It absorbs plant nutrients as well as water from the soil and anchors the plant. There are two types of roots: fibrous roots and tap roots. All grain crops have fibrous roots, while tap roots are typical of legumes and root crops. Alfalfa and sugar beets are examples of crops having tap roots.

As to stems and leaves they are usually above the ground. To support leaves and to conduct water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves are the main functions of the stem. The food used by green plants is produced in the leaves through the process known as photosynthesis. .

A flower is the part of the plant where seeds are produced. Thus, to produce seeds the plant must have flowers.

All parts of a plant must be developed well in order to function properly, If conditions for plant growth are not favourable the plant will be

weak to develop its parts well.

Notes:

1. above ground portion – надземная часть

Learn the words.

1. Найдите и переведите предложения в тексте, в которых говорится 1) почему важно знать части растений и их функции, 2) каковы функции корня, 3) какие культуры имеют стержневой корень, 4) почему стебель является важной частью растений,5) какие растения могут давать семена.

2. Answer the following questions:

1. What do roots absorb from the soil?

2. Which crops have fibrous roots?

3. Have legumes fibrous roots?

4. What are the functions of the stem?

5. Where are seeds produced?

6. Why must all parts of a plant be de­veloped well?

3. Find 5 verbs in the text and write 3 forms of verbs

Read and translate the text: