Методическое обеспечение самостоятельной работы студентов по дисциплинам кафедры «иностранные языки»
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КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИЯ1 КУРС Контрольная работа № 1 Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 1, необходимо повторить следующий материал по грамматике английского языка:
Вариант 1 Задание 1. Переведите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью речи они являются: существительным, прилагательным, наречием: entrance, department, religious, privately, residential, preparatory, education, responsible, construction, mostly. Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова с суффиксом –s, определите функцию данного окончания: а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного; б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.
Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий: important, good, various, far, clever, convenient, late, little, bad, funny. Задание 4. Перепишите, переведите предложения и заполните пропуски соответствующими по смыслу местоимениями (личными, притяжательными или указательными):
Задание 5. Перепишите, переведите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами “to be”, “to have” во временах Present, Past, Future Indefinite: 1. After finishing grammar schools pupils … good knowledge. 2. Children’s uniform … usually dark. 3. Students … lectures in Philosophy next year. 4. Monasteries … cultural and educational centres many centuries ago. Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 4 и 6 абзацы. EDUCATION IN ENGLAND 1. In England, the Department of Education and Science is responsible for all levels of education. Universities, however, are self-governing and depend on the central government only for financial grants. 2. Education is compulsory between the ages of five and sixteen. About one-third of primary and secondary schools in England are administered by Anglican or Roman Catholic voluntary organizations. More than 90 per cent of the secondary-school population (children aged eleven through eighteen) attend state-funded comprehensive schools, in which admission is not based on aptitude, and the remainder attend either grammar or secondary modern schools. 3. Tertiary colleges offer a full range of vocational and academic courses to students aged sixteen and older. Independent schools provide both primary and secondary education but charge tuition. In large cities, a number of independent schools are run by various ethnic and religious communities. 4. So-called public schools, which actually are private, are often categorized as independent schools. Most public schools are residential and privately financed, and provide education to children aged eleven through nineteen. Important public schools for boys include Eton (the oldest; established in 1440-41), Harrow, Winchester and Westminster. Famous public schools for girls include Cheltenham, Roedean and Wycombe Abbey. There are also private, mostly residential, preparatory schools, which prepare students aged seven through thirteen for the Common Entrance Examination required to enter senior secondary schools. At the completion of secondary education, students receive the General Certificate of Secondary Education. 5. More than a third of England’s young adults receive some form of postsecondary or higher education through colleges, polytechnics and universities. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the 12th and 13th centuries, and both have university presses that are among the oldest printing and publishing houses in the world. 6. There are about 35 universities in England, some of which are referred to as “red brick” universities. These universities were founded in the late 19th or early 20th century in the industrial cities of Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham, Sheffield and Bristol and were constructed of red brick, as contrasted with the stone construction of the buildings of Oxford and Cambridge. 7. A continuing education program through the Open University (1969), in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire offers education through correspondence courses and the electronic media. Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Вариант 2 Задание 1. Переведите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью речи они являются: существительным, прилагательным, наречием: traditionally, academic, vocational, authority, recently, knowledge, consequently, identity, distinction, engineer. Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова с суффиксом –s, определите функцию данного окончания: а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного; б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.
Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий: high, qualified, good, difficult, early, comfortable, bad, little, expensive, late. Задание 4. Перепишите, переведите предложения и заполните пропуски соответствующими по смыслу местоимениями (личными, притяжательными или указательными):
Задание 5. Перепишите, переведите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами “to be”, “to have” во временах Present, Past, Future Indefinite:
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 5 абзацы. HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UK 1. In Great Britain universities have traditionally been regarded as centres of academic learning, in contrast to polytechnics, which have focused on vocational education. However, this distinction has gradually disappeared with both types of education now running a similar wide range of high-quality courses. Consequently, polytechnics have recently been awarded university-status – and most have now changed their name accordingly. 2. You can also study at degree and postgraduate level at colleges of higher education. These institutions are generally smaller than universities, and tend to concentrate on more specialized fields of study, such as education, art and design, music and drama. Higher education colleges also run courses leading to vocational and professional qualifications. 3. Like educational institutions across the world, each UK university and college has its own identity and traditions. Some are huge, others are not. There may be campus and non-campus universities. In a campus university all the academic and social amenities are concentrated in one area of the town or city. At a non-campus university or college, the departments and facilities are spread out across a wider area. 4. Good A-level results in at least two subjects are necessary to get a place at a university. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all British citizens a place at a university brings with it a grant from their local educational authority. 5. For many new students the style of teaching at university level may be unfamiliar. Lecturers and professors tend to guide students towards knowledge, suggesting topics and reading matter for private study and research. In general, students are in contrast with their tutors and professors during lectures, seminars and tutorials. Once or twice a term, students will have a tutorial. This means that they see a tutor alone to discuss their work and their progress. In Oxford and Cambridge and some other universities, the study system is based entirely round such tutorials which take place once a week. 6. Traditionally, the UK academic year is split into three terms – autumn (early October to mid December), spring (January – to late March/ early April) and summer (April to mid July). However, an increasing number of universities and colleges are adopting a semester system, dividing a year into 15-week periods of study. 7. After three years of study a university graduate will leave with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine, etc. Later he may continue to take the Master’s Degree and then the Doctor’s Degree. Research is an important feature of university work. Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Вариант 3 Задание 1. Переведите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью речи они являются: существительным, прилагательным, наречием: Slavonic, foundation, entirely, European, favorable, variety, narrowly, conventional, different, rarely. Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова с суффиксом –s, определите функцию данного окончания: а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного; б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite. 1. English universities differ from each other. 2. The Courtauld Institute specializes in the history of art. 3. Adults are always concerned about their children’s education. Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий: close, easy, essential, hard, little, considerable, interesting, far, narrow, young. Задание 4. Перепишите, переведите предложения и заполните пропуски соответствующими по смыслу местоимениями (личными, притяжательными или указательными):
Задание 5. Перепишите, переведите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами to be, to have во временах Present, Past, Future Indefinite:
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 4 и 6 абзацы. FAMOUS BRITISH UNIVERSITIES 1. English universities differ from each other in date of foundation, size, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, and way of student life. The universities, which were founded between 1850 and 1930, including London University, are known as redbrick universities. They were called so because that was the favourable building material of the time, though they are rarely referred to as “redbrick” today. 2. The University of London is by far the largest university, with about 39000 full-time students. It was established by the union of two colleges: University College (1827) and King’s College (1831). Later many other colleges, schools and institutes were added, and it also could be called a kind of federation of colleges, but the system is entirely different. The largest of the London colleges are like universities in themselves, having many different faculties and departments. Others specialize in certain subjects, like the London School of Economics and Political Science, the Imperial College of Science and Technology, the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, the School of Oriental and African Studies, the School of Architecture. 3. There are also institutes attached to London University as well as to other universities. Whereas colleges within a university teach all subjects, and schools – a group of subjects, these institutes specialize more narrowly, and are often more occupied with research than teaching undergraduates. In London University, for example, there are the Institute of Archeology, the Courtauld Institute (specializing in the history of art) and some others. 4. Most of the redbrick universities founded in the nineteenth century are scattered throughout the country and are to be found in Birmingham, Bristol, Exeter, Hull, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Nottingham, Sheffield, Southampton and some others. 5. The redbrick universities organize their academic work in a variety of ways. Subjects are taught in individual departments which are in turn grouped into faculties covering the main subject grouping, like arts, science, engineering, social science. 6. The “new universities” were all founded after the Second World War. Some of them quickly became popular because of their modern approach to university courses. The first of this group was Keele University (in Staffordshire), founded in 1948. In 1961 seven new universities were approved: the universities of East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Lancaster, Sussex, Warwick, York. The traditional faculty structure in these universities has been avoided in an attempt to prevent overspecialization. One form of organization (at Sussex) is school, which embraces a range of related subjects. York and Warwick have structures which are closer to older universities. Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Вариант 4 Задание 1. Переведите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью речи они являются: существительным, прилагательным, наречием: scientific, steadily, environment, attractively, planner, magnificent, naturally, technology, principal, exclusively. Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова с суффиксом –s, определите функцию данного окончания: а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного; б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.
Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий: large, much/many, attentive, good, popular, long, modern, old, new, lazy. Задание 4. Перепишите, переведите предложения и заполните пропуски соответствующими по смыслу местоимениями (личными, притяжательными или указательными):
Задание 5. Перепишите, переведите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами ‘to be” “to have” во временах Present, Past, Future Indefinite:
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 4 и 5 абзацы. CAMBRIDGE 1. The university is like a federation of colleges. It arranges the courses, the lectures and the examinations, and awards the degrees. The universities of Oxford and Cambridge each have over 10000 full-time students. Oxford is older than Cambridge, more philosophical, classical and theological. Cambridge, on the other hand, is more scientifically biased. But in many respects (especially their prestige and wealth) they look very alike, therefore they are often referred to collectively for convenience as Oxbridge. They are sometimes called “two intellectual eyes of Britain”. Admission to the universities is based on the old tribal patterns which guide boys from traditional schools to traditional universities. Candidates to Oxford and Cambridge are largely self-selected, much influenced by parents, school friends and family backgrounds. 2. Cambridge started during the 13th century and grew steadily, until today there are more than twenty colleges. Most of them allow visitors to enter the grounds and courtyards. The most popular place from which to view them is from the Backs, where the college grounds go down to the River Cam. 3. The oldest college is Peterhouse, which was founded in 1284, and the most recent is Robinson College, which was opened in 1977. The most popular is probably King’s, because of its magnificent chapel. Its choir of boys and undergraduates is also very well known. 4. The University was exclusively for men until 1871 when the first women’s college was opened. Another was opened two years later and a third in 1954. In the 1970s, most colleges opened their doors to both men and women. Almost all the colleges are now mixed, but it will be many years before there are equal numbers of both sexes. Every year, thousands of students come to Cambridge from overseas to study English. 5. To the North of this ancient city is the modern face of the University – the Cambridge Science Park, which has developed in response to the need for universities to increase their contact with high technology industry. It was established in 1970 by Trinity College, which has a long scientific tradition going back to Sir Isaac Newton. It is now home to more than sixty companies and research institutes. 6. The ideas of “science” and “parks” may not seem to go together naturally, but the whole area is in fact very attractively designed, with a lot of space between each building. The planners thought that it was important for people to have a pleasant, park-like environment in which to work. Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Вариант 5 Задание 1. Переведите слова и по суффиксу определите, какой частью речи они являются: существительным, прилагательным, наречием: closely, admission, specific, majority, usually, recommendation, technical, commonly, applicant, secondary. Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, к какой части речи относятся выделенные слова с суффиксом –s, определите функцию данного окончания: а) показатель множественного числа имени существительного; б) показатель притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показатель 3-его лица ед.ч. глагола в Present Indefinite.
Задание 3. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени следующих имен прилагательных и наречий: professional, busy, bad, careful, nice, necessary, low, bright, active, far. Задание 4. Перепишите, переведите предложения и заполните пропуски соответствующими по смыслу местоимениями (личными, притяжательными или указательными):
Задание 5. Перепишите, переведите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски глаголами “to be”, “to have” в Present, Past, Future Indefinite:
Задание 6. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в соответствующую видовременную форму, определите форму глагола, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 5 абзацы. EDUCATION IN THE USA 1. The American system of education differs from the systems of other countries. It has certain peculiarities of its own which are closely connected with the specific conditions of life in the New World. The interplay of local, state, and national programs and policies is particularly evident in the field of education. Historically, education has been considered the province of the state and local governments. The federal government supports school lunch programs, administers Indian education, makes research grants to universities, underwrites loans to college students, and finances education for veterans. 2. In the USA there are free, state-supported, public schools which the majority of American children attend. There are also a number of private schools where a fee is charged for admission and children are accepted or rejected on the basis of an examination. These include many church-supported schools, usually Catholic, which also charge a fee. 3. Education is compulsory for every child from the age of 6 up to the age of 16 except in some states where it is compulsory to the age of 17 or 18. The school year is usually 9 months, from early September to mid June. Elementary (primary) and secondary (high) schools are organized on one of two bases: eight years of elementary school and four years of secondary school, or six years of elementary school, three years of junior high school and three years of senior high school. 4. Out of more than three million students who graduate from high school each year, about one million go on higher education. Successful applicants at colleges of a leading university are usually chosen on the basis of their high school records, recommendations from their high school teachers, their scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs). 5. The system of higher education in the United States comprises three categories of institutions: 1) the university, which may contain several colleges for undergraduates seeking a bachelor’s (four-year) degree and one or more graduate schools for those continuing in specialized studies beyond the bachelor’s degree to obtain a master’s or a doctoral degree; 2) the technical training institutions at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from six months to four years in duration and learn a variety of technical skills; 3) the two-year, or community college, from which students may enter many professions or may transfer to four-year colleges. 6. The old private north-eastern universities, commonly known as the Ivy League, include Harvard Radcliff, Yale University, Columbia College, Princeton University, Brown University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, University of Pennsylvania. With their traditions and long established reputations they occupy a position in American university life like Oxford and Cambridge in England, particularly Harvard and Yale. Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Контрольная работа № 2 Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 2, необходимо повторить следующий материал по грамматике английского языка:
Вариант 1 Задание 1. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол “to be” в конструкции с “there” во временах Present, Past или Future Indefinite:
Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:
Задание 3. Выпишите из текста (Зад. 7.) все предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык. Задание 4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глаголы в соответствующую видовременную форму:
Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы, подчеркните данные глаголы:
Задание 6. Преобразуйте предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, обращая внимание на порядок слов в косвенной речи, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3 и 5 абзацы. AUSTRALIA 1. Australia is situated on the fifth and the smallest of the continent. It is the largest island in the world. It is smaller than the United States and much bigger than the British Isles. Besides the continent of Australia consists of a number of small islands. The Australian continent is washed by the Arafura and Timor Seas in the north, by the Tasman and Coral Seas in the east and by the Indian Ocean in the south. It is the world’s driest continent. 2. Australia became a nation when federation of the separate colonies took place on 1 January 1901. The separate Australian colonies united and proclaimed themselves the Commonwealth of Australia – a federation of six states. Many of the legal and cultural ties with England remained as it was Captain James Cook who claimed the continent for the British and named it New South Wales in 1770. Australian national flag consists of five white stars of the Southern Cross and the white Commonwealth star on a blue background with Union Jack that represents the historical link with Britain. 3. The country occupies the whole continent, so the climate is different in different regions of the country. The climate varies from tropical and cool to temperate. Summer starts in December, autumn in March, winter in June, spring in September. Seasonal variations are not extreme and it’s rare for temperatures to drop below zero on the mainland except the mountains. About one half of its territory is occupied by deserts and semideserts. The commonest trees in Australia are the eucalyptus, they are over 500 kinds. There are also ocacia or mimosa, which is the national emblem of Australia. Even stranger than plants are the animals. There live kangaroos, duckbills, koalas and a great number of different birds, parrots among them. 4. There are some unique phenomena of nature of Australia. There is the magnificent reef which runs along the entire coast of Queensland. The Great Barrier Reef stretches about 2000 km. It is the most extensive reef system and the biggest structure made by living organisms on the earth. There are more than 350 species of corals. Another sight is Uluru (Ayers Rock), it is the world’s largest sandstone monolith. Now it has a smooth round shape. The 3.6 km. long rock rises a towering 348 m from the pancake-flat surrounding scrub, just in the middle of the country. The most outstanding section is the Port Campbell National Park, which features an amazing collection of limestone sculptures, including the Twelve Apostles, London Bridge. 5. The official language of Australia is English. More than 80 per cent of the population is British. There are still many Aboriginal languages, though they are spoken by only a few hundred speakers each and their continued existence is threatened. By the mid-20th century, with rapid decline of its Aboriginal tongues, English was without rivals in Australia. Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Вариант 2 Задание 1. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол “to be” в конструкции с “there” в Present, Past или Future Indefinite: 1. There … a great variety of frogs, and these include tree frogs whose main development is South American and Australian. 2. How many political parties … there in the USA? 3. There … territorial expansion and economic growth in the first century and a half of the country’s history. Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:
Задание 3. Выпишите из текста (Зад. 7.) все предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык. Задание 4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глаголы в соответствующую видовременную форму:
Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы, подчеркните данные глаголы:
Задание 7. Преобразуйте предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, обращая внимание на порядок слов в косвенной речи, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 8. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 5 абзацы. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1. The USA is a federal republic of 50 states. Besides 48 states which are in the same general area, the United States includes the state of Alaska at the north-western extreme of North America and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The conterminous states are bounded on the north by Canada, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The national capital is Washington, which is coextensive with the district of Columbia, the federal capital region created in 1790. 2. The total area of the United States is 3679192 square miles (9529063 sq. km.), making it the fourth country in the world in area. Outlying territories and other politically associated areas in the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea add approximately 4000 square miles to this figure. 3. The major characteristic of the United States is probably its great variety. Its physical environment ranges from the Arctic to the subtropical, from the most rain forest to the arid desert, from the mountain peak to the flat prairie. Although the total population of the United States is large by world standards, its overall population density is relatively low; the country embraces some of the world’s largest urban concentrations as well as some of the most extensive areas that are almost devoid of habitation. 4. The United States contains a highly diverse population; but its diversity has to a great degree come from an immense and sustained global immigration. Probably no other country has a wider range of racial, ethnic and cultural types than does the United States. In addition to the presence of surviving native Americans (including American Indians, Aleuts and Eskimo) and the descendants of Africans taken as slaves to America, the national character has been enriched, tested, and constantly redefined by millions of immigrants who have gone to America hoping for greater social, political and economic opportunities than they had in the places they left. 5. The United States is the world’s greatest economic power, measured in terms of gross national product. The nation’s wealth is partly a reflection of its rich natural recourses and its enormous agricultural output, but it owes more to the country’s highly developed industry. Despite its relative economic self-sufficiency in many areas, the United States is the most important single factor in world trade by virtue of the sheer size of its economy. Its exports and imports represent major proportions of the world total. The United States also impinges on the global economy as a source of and as a destination for investment capital. However the financial crisis in 2008 had a great impact on the country’s economy, and now the USA is gradually overcoming economic problems. The United States continues to sustain an economic life providing the majority of its people with one of the world’s highest standards of living. Задание 9. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Вариант 3 Задание 1. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол “to be” в конструкции с “there” во временах Present, Past или Future Indefinite:
Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:
Задание 3. Выпишите из текста (Зад. 7.) все предложения, содержащие глаголы в страдательном залоге, определите время глагола и переведите предложения на русский язык. Задание 4. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глаголы в соответствующую видовременную форму:
Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, содержащие модальные глаголы, подчеркните данные глаголы:
Задание 6. Преобразуйте предложения из прямой речи в косвенную, обращая внимание на порядок слов в косвенной речи, переведите предложения на русский язык:
Задание 7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-ый и 3-ий абзацы. THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland occupies most of the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. London is the capital of England, Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland, Cardiff – of Wales and Belfast – of Northern Ireland. The UK is a small country with an area of some 244100 square kilometers. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north-west, north and south-west and separated from Europe by the North Sea in the east and by the English Channel in the south. The North Sea and the English Channel are often called “the narrow seas”; they are not deep but are frequently rough and difficult to navigate during storms. In the west the Irish Sea and the North Channel separate the UK from Ireland. The seas around Britain provide exceptionally good fishing grounds. The country has many bays favourable for shipping. In their shelter there are Britain’s main ports such as London, Glasgow, Hull and others. 2. One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4406 feet high. The longest river is the Severn in England, about 200 miles long. The climate of Britain is mild and warm because of the warm Gulf Stream. 3. The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people. Foreigners often call British people “English”, bur the Scots, the Irish and the Welsh do not consider themselves to be English. The English are Anglo-Saxon in origin, but the Welsh, the Scots and the Irish are Celts, descendants of the ancient people, who crossed over from Europe centuries before the Norman Invasion. It was this people, whom the Germanic Angles and Saxons conquered in the fifth and sixth centuries AD. These Germanic conquerors gave England its name – “Angle” land. They were conquered in their turn by the Norman French, when William the Conqueror of Normandy landed near Hastings in 1066. It was from the union of Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons that the English people and the English language were born. The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh. 4. The flag of the UK, known as Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. 5. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding. Задание 8. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Вариант 4 Задание 1. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол “to be” в конструкции с “there” во временах Present, Past или Future Indefinite:
Задание 2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, определив видовременные формы глаголов, укажите их инфинитив:
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