Сборник технических текстов с заданиями для профессии 15. 01. 05 «Сварщик» (ручной и частично механизированной сварки (наплавки)
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Welding Technology1.Запишите новые слова, отработайте произношение. Vocabulary weld - сварной шов, сварка, сваривать(ся) repair and maintenance - ремонт оборудования и уход за ним sheet metal work - 1) обработка листового металла 2) изделие из листового металла 3) жестяницкие работы hobbyist - человек, увлеченный своим хобби carpenter - плотник, столяр ironworker - металлург glazier - стекольщик tender - 1) лицо, присматривающее за кем-л., обслуживающее кого-л., что-л. 2) механик, оператор supervisor - контролер contractor - подрядчик, контрактор repair shop - ремонтная мастерская stoop - наклоняться, нагибаться awkward - неудобный; затруднительный, неловкий machine setting - 1) наладка [настройка] станка nondestructive testing - 1) неразрушающие испытания; 2) неразрушающий контроль boilermakers – котельщики maintenance personnel – обслуживающий персонал a skill – мастерство arc – дуга mortar – известковый раствор valuable – ценный require – требовать, нуждаться shield – защита filler – наплавочный материал brittle and porous – хрупкие и пористые to melt – таять, плавиться add – добавлять Прочитайте и переведите текст письменно. Welding Technology Welding is a skill used by many trades: sheet metal workers, ironworkers, diesel mechanics, boilermakers, carpenters, marine construction, steamfitters, glaziers, repair and maintenance personnel in applications ranging from the sculpture home hobbyist to heavy fabrication of bridges, ships and many other projects. A variety of welding processes are used to join units of metal. As a welder, you may work for shipyards, manufacturers, contractors, federal, state, county, and city governments, firms requiring maintenance mechanics, and repair shops. Прочитайте и переведите текст. What is Welding? Welding is nothing more than the art of joining metals together. By comparison, wood is joined by nails, bricks are held together with mortar; metal is joined by welding! What makes welding such a big deal is that the world’s infrastructure depends on it! Everything you touch everyday that is made of metal is most likely welded in one form or another. It is one of the most valuable technologies that played a huge part in the industrial revolution, and is the back bone to the world’s militaries. Welding today is comprised of three main ingredients with are required to join metals together. - An electrical power source to produce an arc. - Some form of shielding to protect the weld from the air. - Filler material to fill the weld joint. The ways these three ingredients work together are: - First, the weld area needs to be shielded from any air around it. This is important because oxygen and other gasses in the air make welds brittle and porous. - Second, is the electricity to produce an arc. An electrical arc melts metal in fractions of a second and is hot enough to melt any known metal! - Finally, the filler metal is added, which is how two pieces of metal become one. 4. Ответьте на вопросы:
2. What are the trades where welding skills are used? 3. Where can welders work? Unit 2 Welding is a dynamic industry with a big future 1.Запишите новые слова, отработайте их произношение и выучите. an inspired idea – вдохновлённый идеей bronze alloys – бронзовые сплавы melt - плавиться pound – клепать hammer – молоток pressure – давление, сжатие craftsmen – ремесленники, мастера required – требуемые, необходимые impact – воздействие install – устанавливать maintain - удерживать limit – ограничение accuracy – точность, аккуратность versatility –многосторонность, гибкость niche – убежище, пища nozzle – насадка influence – влияние direct current – постоянный ток non-consumable – не потребляемые tungsten – вольфрам 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Welding is a dynamic Industry with a BIG FUTURE A clever Bronze-Age worker was thinking outside the box one day 5,500 years ago when he came up with an inspired idea. A great way of making things with the bronze alloys that were being developed then, he reasoned, would be to heat them until they started melting and pound them together with a hammer. By combining heat and pressure in this way, craftsmen could make just about anything that required a strong metal like bronze. This was the birth of welding, a process that has had a major impact on metalworking and product engineering ever since. Anything made of metal, no matter how big or small, can be welded. Examples are everywhere, from vehicles like cars, trucks and motorcycles to rail cars, ships, aircraft, rockets and space stations. Construction is a huge market, and skyscrapers, bridges and highways would be impossible to build without welding, as would oil and natural-gas pipelines, offshore oil platforms, giant wind turbines and solar panels. Welders help install and maintain boilers, antipollution systems and other large structures, as well as piping for industrial, commercial and residential facilities. Welding is even used by artists to create sculptures and decorative items. There is almost no limit to what welding can do, especially since developments in the technology continually improve its accuracy, quality and versatility. Welding is, in fact, an increasingly high-tech skill. Welders are being trained to operate robots and other automated systems that use powerful lasers, electron beams and sometimes explosives to bond metals. The ability to work with computers and program software is consequently vital to the successful operation of these systems. Don Howard, a welding specialist at Concurrent Technologies Corp., an engineering firm in Johnstown, Pa., estimates that 20%-25% of U.S. welding is automated and predicts this trend will grow by about 20% in the next few years. “A lot of very intelligent people are coming into the welding community,” says Howard. There is money to be made, he notes, but the industry also offers career paths. “Welding is not just about working on a manufacturing line anymore. Once in the industry, people know they can find a niche.” “These are good times to be in welding,” says Patricio Mendez, director of the Canadian Center for Welding and Joining at the University of Edmonton in Alberta, Canada. Mendez notes that students who like designing and building with metal and are interested in fields such as materials engineering, robotics, lasers, computer programming and systems integration will find plenty of career opportunities in welding. Many students are introduced to the process by virtual welding. This simulation program is being developed by the Edison Welding Institute (EWI) of Columbus, Ohio, to teach the basics of welding in classrooms. “The objective is to give students a virtual experience that is very much like the real thing,” says John Coffey, engineering manager at EWI. The system uses sensors that duplicate the look and feel of welding. There are more than 80 welding processes. Most involve a skilled worker using a high-heat torch (2,800-plus degrees Fahrenheit), filler material that is usually in wire or stick form (though some welds don’t use fillers) and pressure to permanently bond metal pieces. Welding can also be used to cut and dismantle objects of all sizes as well as for repairs. The most common process is Gas Metal Arc Welding, or GMAW. In GMAW, an electrode, which is also the filler, is continuously fed through the nozzle of an arc torch. When the welder activates the torch, several operations take place: The electrode begins feeding through the nozzle, a direct current is generated that creates an arc when it comes in contact with the electrode and shielding gases are released around the nozzle to protect the weld from atmospheric gases that could degrade its quality. The arc, whose movement the welder controls, consumes the electrode, fills in the weld joint and creates the weld. Other widely used techniques like Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) are variations of the process. GTAW, for example, is a relatively low-heat method that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode. Its low-heat characteristic reduces distortion in thin metals, such as those used in aerospace. SMAW, also called “stick welding,” uses a flux-coated consumable electrode ("flux" is a chemical cleaning agent that removes oxidation from the metals to be joined) and is primarily used for repair and steel welding. As the electrode burns, the flux disintegrates, which releases a shielding gas that protects the weld from degradation. In more advanced welding technologies, lasers are combined with GMAW in a hybrid process to make what one expert calls “scalpel-like cuts” that are up to ½-inch deep, narrow and extremely precise. The GMAW part of the process then deposits the filler and melts it with a secondary heat source. The influence of welding is so broad that many of the product designs and building techniques people take for granted would not be possible without it. With demand for skilled welders rising and the technology of welding becoming more advanced, especially where automation is concerned, students have a unique opportunity to learn a career that can be shaped around their interests. “There are many aspects to welding,” Mendez says. “When people come in contact with it, they love it.” Unit 3 Welding processes 1. Запишите новые слова, отработайте их произношение, выучите. pressure welding – сварка давлением heat welding – сварка нагреванием instead (of) – вместо, взамен bolting – скрепление болтами riveting – клепка to depend (on, upon) – зависеть от purpose – цель available – имеющийся в наличии source – источник gas welding – газосварка arc wading – электродуговая сварка resistance welding – контактная сварка electron-beam welding – электронно-лучевая сварка flame – пламя edge – край simultaneously – одновременно filler – наполнитель rod – прут, стержень to melt – плавить(ся) joint – соединение, стык advantage – преимущество surface – поверхность coated – покрытый flux – флюс fusible – плавкий to shield – заслонять, защищать tip – кончик gas-tungsten – сварка оплавлением вольфрамовым электродом в среде инертного газа bare – голый rate – зд. скорость gas-metal arc – аргоно-дуговая сварка considerably – значительно, гораздо surrounding – окружающий carbon dioxide – углекислый газ droplet – капелька liquid – жидкость, жидкий beneath –под, ниже, внизу layer – слой weld seam – сварной шов clamp – зажим, зажимать semi-automatic – полуавтоматический to create – создавать submerge – погружать 2. Прочитайте и переведите тескт. Welding processes As we have already read at the beginning of this unit, welding is a process when metal parts are joined together by the application of heat, pressure, or a combination of both. The processed of welding can be divided into two main groups: pressure welding, when the weld is achieved by pressure and heat welding, when the weld is achieved by heat. Heat welding is the most common welding process used today. Nowadays welding is used instead of bolting and riveting in the construction of many types of structures, including bridges, buildings, and ships. It is also a basic process in the manufacture of machinery and in the motor and aircraft industries. It is necessary almost in all productions where metals are used. The welding process depends greatly on the properties of the metals, the purpose of their application and the available equipment. Welding processes are classified according to the sources of heat and pressure used. The welding processes widely employed today include gas welding, arc welding, and resistance welding. Other joining processes are laser welding, and electron-beam welding. Gas Welding. Gas welding is a non-pressure process using heat from a gas flame. The flame is applied directly to the metal, edges to be joined and simultaneously to a filler metal in the form of wire or rod, called the welding rod, which is melted to the joint. Gas welding has the advantage of using equipment that is portable and does not require an electric power source. The surfaces to be welded and the welding rod are coated with flux, a fusible material that shields the material from air, which would result in a defective weld. Arc Welding. Arc-welding is the most important welding process for joining steels. It requires a continuous supply of either direct or alternating electrical current. This current is used to create an electric arc, which generates enough heat to melt metal and create a weld. Arc welding has several advantages over other welding methods. Arc welding is faster because the concentration of heat is high. Also, fluxes are not necessary in certain methods of arc welding. The most widely used arc-welding processes are shielded metal arc, gas-tungsten arc, gas-metal arc, and submerged arc. Shielded Metal Arc Welding. In shielded metal-arc welding, a metallic electrode, which conducts electricity, is coated with flux and connected to a source of electric current. The metal to be welded is connected to the other end of the same source of current. An electric arc is formed by touching the tip of the electrode to the metal and then drawing it away. The intense heat of the arc melts both parts to be welded and the point of the metal electrode, which supplies filler metal for the weld. This process is used mainly for welding steels. There are also other types of welding. Gas-tungsten Arc Welding. As non-consumable electrodes tungsten or carbon electrodes can be used in gas-tungsten arc welding a tungsten electrode is used in place of the metal electrode used in shielded metal-arc welding. A chemically inert gas, such as argon, helium, or carbon dioxide is used to shield the metal from oxidation. The heat from the arc formed between the electrode and the metal melts the edges of the metal. Metal for the weld may be added by placing a bare wire in the arc or the point of the weld. This process can be used with nearly all metals and produces a high-quality weld. However, the rate of welding is considerably slower than in other processes. |
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