Методические рекомендации по практическим занятиям огсэ. 03 Иностранный язык (Английский)
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| Тема 2.5 Портреты стран изучаемого языка. 1.Read the text and be ready to check your comrehension. Text 1».Every country is special. What comes to your mind, when you think of the UK and its people?» Visitors to Britain are often surprised by the strange behaviour of its inhabitants. The British like forming queues. In fact, queuing is supposed to be their national characteristic. « An Englishman, even if he is alone, forms an orderly queue of one,» joked George Mikes. So one of the mistakes is to get on a bus without waiting your turn in the queue. The British are very sensitive to such behaviour and they may get really annoyed with queue -jumpers - people who don't wait their turn in the queue. The British, especially the English, are more reserved than the people of many other countries. They don't like to show their emotions. They usually don't easily get into conversation with strangers. They don't like personal questions. They take more time to make friends. They would like to know you better before they ask you home. Don't be upset if your English friends don't invite you home. If you are invited to a party, it is considered polite to call and say if you can or cannot come. Most parties are informal these days, so you don't have to worry about what to wear — anything from jeans to suits will do. If you enjoyed the evening, call your hostess the next day, or write her a short «thank you» letter. Perhaps it seems funny, but British people say «thank you» all the time. They say «thank you» even if they give money to a shop assistant. These days most people in Britain do not wear very formal clothes. But if they are « on duty» they wear a suit. When he is no longer « at work», he can put on an old sweater and jeans, sometimes with holes in them. In recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, and fewer people now smoke. There is no smoking on the London Underground, in cinemas and theatres and most buses. Non -smokers can be rude to smokers who break the rule and smoke in public places. Pabs are an important part of British life. People go to the pab to relax, meet friends, and sometimes to do business. Children under the age of 14 are still not allowed into some pabs. In Britain it is quite common to see people having a snack while walking down the road, especially at lunchtime. Good and bad manners make up the social rules of a country and are not always easy to learn because they are often not written down in books. The British have an expression for following these «unwritten rules»: When in Rome, do as the Romans do». 2. Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions: strange behaviour; forming queues; to be sensitive; to get annoyed; queue - jumpers; to wait one's turn in the queue; to show emotions; to get into the conversation with strangers; not to like personal questions; to be upset; to be «on duty»; bad publicity; to be rude to smb; to break the rule; not to be allowed; to make up the social rules; «unwritten rules». 3. Answer the following questions: 1. What is supposed to be the national characteristic of the British? 2. What shows that the British are more reserved than the people from other countries? 3. Why don't you have to worry about what to wear for the party? 4. What can an Englishman put on when he is no longer « at work»? 5. Where do people go to relax? 6. What makes up the social rules of a country? 7. What « unwritten rule» should everybody follow? 4. Read the dialogue, translate it and act. A.: Have you ever been to Great Britain? B.: No, I haven't\ Yes, I have. A. : What cities and places of interest of this country do you know? B.: London, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Belfast, Bristol, Glasgow, Oxford, Stradford-on-Avon. A.; Which of them would you like to visit? B.: I would like to visit London, which is the largest city of Great Britain and its capital. Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast are the main cities of the historical regions, and I think they will also be interesting to see. Oxford, a world -famous university centre and a beautiful city, attracts millions of tourists, and I would like to have a chance to walk along its roads. A.: This sounds like an official visit. Would you like to visit some places for pleasure? I would like to go to Stradford-on Avon. The city is the birthplace of Shakespear, the greatest British playwright. There are many museums and places connected with the Bard. There is also a museum of teddy-bears in the city. I would like to look at them. A.: What else would you like to see? B.: I think I'd visit countryside to see how people live there. I have read about green fields with dozens of sheep all over the place, and I would like to see them with my own eyes. A.: It will be interesting, of course. But what I am eager to see is Stonehenge, the most famous prehistoric monument. Scientists still argue whether is it an observatory, a temple or something else. It is mysterious! Won't it be worth visiting? B.: I think it will. A.: I also would like to taste fish and chips, the traditional English food, curry and other things they eat. Have you ever had the English breakfast? B.: No, I haven't.\Yes, I have. A.: Do you think it is worth trying? B.; I think it is. A.: Would you like to see the famous English gardens with roses and other flowers? B.; I think I would.. 5. Read the text and translate it in written. «History of the U.S.A.» North America's first setters were people, who came from Asia, using the land bridge between North America and Asia. Later the natural bridge was covered with water, the Bering Strait appeared. So the continents were isolated and the migration stopped. Modern Europeans knew nothing about American continent till XV-th century when Christopher Columbus discovered it. In 1492 C. Columbus, an Italian sailor, whose life-time dream was to find a new way to India, sailed westwards with three little ships. It was a very difficult voyage but in three months the ships reached and landed on one of the Bahamas islands. Until the end of his life Columbus thought that the islands and the mainland were the part of India. That's why they were called West Indies and the red-skinned natives-»Indians». In 1497 another Italian seaman Amerigo Vespucchi explored the coast of South America and proved that the land discovered by Columbus was not India but the new continent. The «New World» was decided to name after him -America, the land of Amerigo. But only at the beginning of the XVII-th century Englishmen established several colonies and called them new England. It happened in 1620 when some English families( about 100 people) left England on board the ship «Mayflower» and sailed to America. From the Atlantic coast colonists gradually penetrated into the depth of the continent. They drove back the native population, took away their lands by force and deception and destroyed them. The colonists became richer and stronger, but they were ruled by England and paid duty on different things. At the end of the XVII-th century(in 1775) the colonists started the War of Independence. It lasted eight years. In 1776 the Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson. Thirteen colonies declared themselves free and independent of England. This day (July, 4) is considered to be the birthday of the American nation. After the end of the War of Independence in 1783, 16 states were formed and chose George Washington as their first president. At present there are 50 stars on the American flag, symbolizing 50 U.S. States, the stripes represent 13 original states. 6. Read the texts and check your comprehension. Text 1.» A TRIP FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO NEW YORK» The U.S.A. Is a country of great differences. There are high mountains and flat prairies in it, tropical heat and arctic cold. To make a trip from San Francisco to New York, you must pass through four time zones, go over three continental mountain ranges, cross hundreds of rivers and lakes, farms and ranches, large cities and small towns. The distance from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean is more than three thousand miles, (as Paris is from Bagdad).The trip by train takes three days and nights. In California, where you begin your trip, the climate is usually mild all year. California oranges, grapefruit and lemons, as well as many other fruits and vegetables, are sent all over the United States and to other parts of the world. Soon the train leaves those green plains and goes up into the Sierra Nevada mountains covered with snow. Here and there you can see clear mountain lakes. As the train goes east you cross the Salt Lake Desert. For miles and miles you will see nothing but salt and salt. Flat plains covered with short dry grass go for miles and miles. This is sheep and cattle country, the land of the cowboys. From time to time you may see a few cattle on the plain or the wagon of a cowboy, but most of the country is empty. As train crosses Nebraska, you leave the empty country and enter the rich region of America. Nebraska has many golden wheat fields. In Iowa wheat and corn are important products. After two days the train arrives in Chicago, the second largest city in the United States. Then you cross Pensylvania and New Jersey — the richest industrial states of the country and at last arrive in New York, the largest city in the U.S.A. 1. In what state does your trip begin? 2. What is the distance between San Francisco and New York? 3. How much does it take you to get from San Francisco and New York by train? 4. What areas must one cross during the trip? 5. What state represents the land of cowboys? 6. Where are wheat and corn the most important plants? 7. What are the richest industrial states? 8. Does one cross any mountains on one's way from the west to the east of America? Text 2.» ENGLISHMEN AND AMERCANS» You can often hear of the Englishman's «reserve», how he likes to «keep himself to himself», and how on a long railway journey, with four Englishmen in the carriage, often there won't be a word spoken during the whole journey. That isn't the case in America. The Englishman thinks it is a bad manner to ask personal questions. The American doesn't feel that at all. During a short drive in New York the taxi driver will tell you all about himself, his wife and his family. He will inquire where you have come from, what your job is, how you like America and how long you are staying in New York. The Englishman prizes privacy, the American prefers sociability. The Englishman's suburban house has its little garden with a hedge or a fence all round it to shut him from his neighbours. The American houses have no hedges or fences separating them from the pavement or from each other. The American in his home doesn't object to being seen by everyone — he actually likes it. And in case someone asks him if he doesn't sometimes like privacy, the American will answer, that if he wants privacy, he goes to bed. The well — mannered Englishman at table holds and keeps his knife in his right hand, his fork in his left, cuts his meat and presses his vegetables on to his fork. The well- mannered American first cuts up all his meat, then places his knife down on the right of his plate, takes his fork in his right hand and with his fork lifts the food to his mouth. He will have his coffee (generally with cream) half-way through his dinner before the pudding. The Englishman drinks his coffee (usually black) after the dinner. And, of course, Americans are coffee-drinkers rather than tea-drinkers. In Europe there are people who have lived in the same house and have been in the same job twenty, thirty, forty years and who would hate to pull up their roots and change to something new. That's not the American way of life. They love change, theycall it « the spirit of adventure». They like to move away, to change homes and jobs. They throw away old things, having none of the Englishman's sentimental love for things because they are old. Many Americans are greatly impressed with mere size; to them «bigger» and «better» seem mean the same thing. The Cathedral in New York is the largest Gothic Cathedral in the world; the finger of the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbour is eight feet long and forty people can stand inside its head; the Rockfeller Centre has hanging gardens which are four times the size of the famous hanging gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. 1. What is the Englishman's «reserve»? 2. What proof of this trait is given in the text? 3. How is the American's love to talkativeness described in the text? 4. What impress you better: the Englishman's reserve or the American's talkativeness? 5. How can you prove that the Englishman prizes privacy and the American values sociability? 6. What does the American do if he wants privacy? 7. What is the difference in the table manners of the Englishman and the American? 8. What does the American understand by the spirit of adventure? 9. What impresses the American most of all? 7.Read the dialogue, try to enlarge it and act : A.: Have you ever been to the United States? B.: No, I haven't/ Yes, I have. A.: What cities and places of interest of this country do you know? B.: Washington D.C., New York, Philadelfia, Chicago, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Sacramento, San Francisco and so on. A.: Which of them would you like to visit? B.: I would like to visit New York, which is the largest city of the US and its capital. I would like to see Philadelfia and Washington D.C. New York is the biggest and most important city of the country, Washington is its capital. And Philadelfia is a historical city. A.; This sounds like an official visit. Would you like to visit some places for pleasure/ B.: I would like to go to Washington D.C., because I want to visit the Smithsonian. It is a mall of museums there, I think they are very interesting to visit. I would also like to go to Atlanta, the city described in Gone with the Wind. I believe Chicago is a very interesting place, too. A.: What else would you like to see? B.: I think I'd visit the countryside and some small towns to see how people live there. I'd like to see the country with my own eyes. A.: It will be interesting, of course. But what I am eager to see is the Death Valley. It is a National Park and a very interesting place. Won't it be worth visiting? B.: I think it will. A.: I also would like to go to Florida. They say that there are real groves of orange and lemon trees there. And Disneyworld. I think it is the greatest attraction for people of all ages. Have you ever been there? B.: No, I haven't./Yes, I have. A.: do you think it is worth going? B.: I think it is. A.: Would you like to see the famous sky scrapers? B.: I think I would. 8.Read the text and check your comprehension: Australia is the only country in the world that is also a continent. It is the six the large country and the smallest continent. Australia lies between the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. The name of the country comes from Latin word «australis» which means southern. The country's official name is Commonwealth of Australia. The Australian Flag consists of a blue background with the Union Jack in its top left corner. The Union Jack represents the historical link with Britain. The large seven pointed star represents the six States and the two Territories. The smaller stars form the Southern Cross. The northern part of Australia is not far from Equator, the middle part is crossed by the Southern tropics. Australia's seasons are the opposite of the northern hemisphere — summer starts in December, autumn in March, winter in June and spring in September. Australia's climate is generally pleasant. Average summer temperature in January is +30C in the northern part, and +20C in the southern part. In winter(July) the average temperature is +20C in the northern part and +10C in the southern part. Australia has six states: New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria land Western Australia. Each state has its government. Australia has two territories — the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. The capital of the country is Canberra. Tasmania, the island south of Australia, is small. It is the size as England. There are no deserts in Tasmania. A large part of the island is covered with beautiful wild forests. The Northern Territory is the red heart of Australia. It is really red, with red rocks, red sand, and red skies in the evening. New South Wales has Blue Mountains. They are covered with forests of blue coloured eucalyptus trees. The air above the forest contains millions of microscopic drops of eucalyptus oil. When the sun shines, the air of the Blue Mountains is a real, beautiful blue. Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great Britain. The British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is also queen of Australia and country's head of state. But the queen has little power in the Australian government. She serves mainly as a symbol of long historical ties between Great Britain and Australia. Australia is a member of Commonwealth of Nations. Australia is sometimes called «the lucky country». One reason is the wonderful riches under earth: gold, silver, iron, coal and many precious metals. It is one of the world's developed countries. It has modern factories, highly productive mines and farms, and busy cities. 1. What represents the historical link with Britain on the Australian flag? 2. What oceans does Australia lie between? 3. What does the word «australis» mean? 4. What peculiarities are in Australian's climate? 5. Why is the Northern Territory the red heart of Australia? 6. Why do they call Australia «the land of Blue Mountains»? 7. Why does the queen have little power in the Australian government? 8. IsAustralia «theluckycountry»? Why? |
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