Методические рекомендации по практическим занятиям огсэ. 03 Иностранный язык (Английский)
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Тема 2.6 Праздники и традиции в Великобритании и России. 1. Practise the following words from the text: to define-определять unique-уникальный to link-связывать Changing of the Guard-смена караула Ceremony of the Keys-церемония передачи ключей Trooping the Color-вынос знамени common-общий belief-вера, убеждение to burn straw scarecrow-сжигать соломенное чучело bonfire-большой костер long-standing tradition-длительная традиция to welcome-приветствовать essential part of our life-существенная часть нашей жизни to join different generations together-объединять разные поколения 2. Read the text and check your comprehension: «Traditions in Our Life» What is a tradition? I think traditions are a way of defining who people are, that's why it is very important that traditions do survive in the country. Take Great Britain, for instance. It is a unique country because it has a link with quite ancient traditions. Traditional uniforms are still preserved in Great Britain. There are also a lot of traditional ceremonies such as the Changing of the Guard at Buckingham Palace, Trooping the Color, which is performed on the Queen's official birthday, or the Ceremony of the Keys, that takes place every night at the Tower of London. The British people are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. People all over the world traditionally celebrate such common holidays as Easter, Christmas or New Year. But of course, each country has its own traditional holidays connected with its history. So we may say that tradition is the passing down of the beliefs, practices and customs from the past to the present. Russia is also a country of great traditions. For example, Russian people traditionally mark the end of winter and the beginning of spring by burning straw scarecrows of winter on bonfires and eating pancakes with honey or sour cream. This long-standing tradition is still alive in many places in Russia. There are a lot of traditions in our everyday lives, for example celebrating birthdays, holidays and traditional wedding ceremonies. The family meal is another tradition that we should try to keep up in our everyday life. In my opinion family meals reflect a country's culture and traditions. Besides, it's a good way to bring the family together and a good chance for parents and children to talk. The oldest universities, like Oxford and Cambridge, are world-famous for their traditional practices, which have stood for hundreds of years. Student life is quite modern there, but traditions are kept and the students are proud of them. To sum up, I think traditions are something that people keep doing for a long time. They are an essential part of our life because they join different generations together. 1. What is a tradition? 2. What traditions in Britain do you know? 3. Why do British people keep their traditions? 4. What traditions are common for all countries? 5. What traditions in Russia do you know? 6. What traditions are kept in your family? 7. What traditions in everyday life do you know? 8. Why are traditions an essential part of our life? New words: holly-остролист Cenotaph- Сенотаф( обелиск в память погибших во время Первой мировой войны) wreath-венок poppy -мак mourning-скорбь, траур 3. a)Read the text: Most public holidays in the United Kingdom are also known as «Bank Holidays». These holidays are: New Year's Day(January 1st), Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day(first Monday in May), Spring Bank Holiday(last Monday in May), August Bank Holiday(last Monday in August), Christmas Day(December 25th), Boxing Day (December 26th). The Scots do not usually celebrate Good Friday or Boxing Day. In winter they concentrate instead on Hogmanay, their version of New Year's the Eve and New Year's Day. Scotland has also a number of its own festivals, celebrating the birthday of their national poet Burns (January 25th) and their national saint on Andrew's Day, November 30th. Northern Ireland has several additional holidays of its own, namely, St Patrick's Day (March 17th) and Orange Day ( July 12th). At Easter the British celebrate the idea of the new birth by giving each other chocolate Easter eggs, which are opened and eaten on Easter Sunday. On Good Friday bakers sell hot cross buns, which are toasted and eaten with butter. Egg-rolling is a traditional Easter pastime. It consists of rolling colored, hard-boiled eggs down a slope until they are cracked and broken after which they are eaten by their owners. If you try to catch a train on the 24th of December you may have difficulty in finding a seat. This is the day when many people are travelling home to be with their families on Christmas Day, December 25th. On the Sunday before Christmas many churches hold a carol service where special hymns are sung. Most families decorate their houses with brightly-colored paper or holly, and they usually have a Christmas tree in the corner of the front room. Family members wrap up their gifts and leave them at the bottom of the Christmas tree to be found on Christmas morning. Children leave a long sock or stocking at the end of their bed on Christmas Eve, December 24th, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and bring them presents. They are usually not disappointed. At midnight on December 31st(Hogmanay) throughout Great Britain people celebrate the coming of the New Year, by holding hands in a large circle and singing» For Auld Lang Syne». This line means « in memory of past times» and the words were written by Scotland's most famous poet Robert Burns. It is not clear where the word «hogmanay» comes from, but it is connected with the provision of food and drink for all visitors to your home on December 31st. It is luck if the person brings a piece of coal and some bread. There is much dancing and singing until the early hours of the morning on New Year's Day. February 14th is the traditional day for lovers. There was a strong belief that on this day birds choose their mates. There used to be a custom in England: the names of young unmarried men and girls were mixed up and drawn out by chance. The person of opposite sex whose name came put after yours was your chosen «Valentine» for the year. On this day you can send cards to anyone you like or even people you don't like. Rememberance Day is observed throughout Britain in commemoration of the million or more British soldiers, sailors and airmen who lost their lives during the two World Wars. On that day special services are held in the churches. Great number of people gather at London's Cenotaph to observe the two- minute silence and to perform the annual Rememberance Day ceremony. When the two- minute silence is over, members of the Royal Family, political leaders come forward to lay wreaths at the foot of the Cenotaph. On that day artificial poppies, a symbol of mourning, are sold in the streets and people wear them in their buttonholes. b) Give Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions: to concentrate on smth; hot cross buns; to be toasted; traditional pastime; to be cracked and broken; to hold a carol service; to wrap up gifts; to be not disappointed; to be connected with smth; to be lucky; to be mixed up; commemoration; to lay wreaths; artificial poppies; a symbol of mourning. c) Answer these questions: 1.What do the Scots celebrate instead Good Friday or Boxing Day? 2. What idea do the British celebrate at Easter? 3. What is a traditional Easter pastime? 4. Why is it difficult to find a seat in a train on the 24th of December? 5. Why do people leave their gifts at the bottom of the Christmas tree? 6. What song do people sing holding hands in a large circle at midnight on December 31st? 7. What is the origin of the word «hogmanay»? 8. Why do great number of people gather at London's Cenotaph? 9. What do people wear in their buttonholes on that day? 4.a) Practise the following words from the text: Easter-Пасха Country Defendant's Day-ДеньзащитникаОтечества to devote-посвящать to defend -защищать Orthodox-православный movable holiday-переходящий праздник Day of Spring and Labour-Деньвесныитруда participation-участие anniversary-годовщина Independence Day-Деньнезависимости the Day of Reconciliation and Harmony-Деньсогласияипримирения the Day of the National Unity-Деньнародногоединства b) Read the text: Every country has its own national holidays, but there are holidays that are common for many countries. People all over the world know New Year's Day, Christmas and Easter. In Russia New Year's Day is the most popular holiday. New Year's Day is a family event in Russia. People begin to prepare for this holiday beforehand. There is a great air of expectation. People decorate their New Year trees with tinsel, various baubles and colored lights. They usually put their presents under the tree. When the Kremlin clock strikes 12, they see the New Year in. There are dates and events in our country that are memorable to Russian people. They are the Victory Day, the Women's Day, the Day of Spring and Labour, the Independence Day, the Country Defendant's Day, the Constitution Day, Maslenitsa . Besides, there are many professional days in our country: Teacher's Day, Doctor's Day, etc. Christmas in Russia is celebrated on January 7th. It is celebrated with all-night services in churches. The Country Defendant's Day is celebrated on February 23rd. This holiday is devoted to soldiers and officers and everyone else who defended the country or is in the Army. The Mother's Day is celebrated on March 8th.It is a day off. Men and boys try to please their mothers, sisters and wives by giving presents and flowers. Maslenitsa marks the end of winter and the beginning of spring. During this festival people make pancakes, sing and dance traditional songs and visit each other. Maslenitsa and Easter are movable holidays. Easter is the main Orthodox festival. People color eggs and enjoy traditional Russian dishes. Churches hold special services on this day. The Day of Spring and Labour is celebrated on May 1st. On this day people prefer to go outdoors and take part in all kinds of outdoors activities. The Victory day is celebrated on May 9th. It celebrates the end of the Soviet Union's participation in World War II in Europe. People put flowers at the tombs of the soldiers who were killed during the war. The main ceremony is held in Moscow. People lay flowers in Moscow's Victory Park and at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. The Independence Day is celebrated on June 12th. On this day Russia became independent country after the break up of the Soviet Union in 1991. This is an official holiday. Some years ago people in Russia celebrated the Day of Reconciliation and Harmony on November 7th. Nowadays they celebrate the Day of National Unity on November 7th. It is an official holiday and a day off. c) Answer these questions: 1.What holidays are common for many countries? 2.What is the most popular holiday in Russia? 3.What professional holidays in Russia do you know? 4. How is New Year celebrated in your family/ 5. How and when is Christmas celebrated in Russia? 6. What is your favourite holiday? 7. How do you celebrate it? 5. Read this dialogue and act it: A. :Do you think that Great Britain is the country of traditions? B.: Sure. There are a lot of traditions and customs in Britain. I've just read a book about British traditions, and I'd like to tell you about some of them. Have you heard about the Trooping of the Color? A.: No, and what is it? B.: The Queen of Britain was born on the 21st of April. But officially she celebrates her birthday on the second Saturday in June. This ceremony is called the Trooping of the Color. It's a big parade with brass bands and hundreds of soldiers at Horse Guards' Parade in London. At the front of the parade there is the flag or «color». A.: Oh, it's very interesting. And I know about the other tradition — Swan-Upping. There are a lot of beautiful swans on the Thames belonging to the King or Queen. In July the young swans are about two months old. Then the Queen's swan keeper goes in a boat from London Bridge to Henley. He looks at all the young swans and marks the royal ones. The name of this custom is Swan-Upping. B.; Yes, I can name some other traditions and customs in Britain, such as Highland Games, the State Opening of Parliament, Up-Helly-Aa and others. All of them are very interesting and picturesque. Тема 2.7. Досуг. 1. Practise the following words from the text: leisure- досуг, свободное время variety- разнообразие to keep fit- быть в хорошей форме to increase - увеличивать to jog- бегать трусцой recreation centre- оздоровительный центр indoor pool-крытый бассейн high-risk activity -деятельность, связанная с опасностью spectator- болельщик couch potato-телеман to swich on- включать to race- состязаться in the heart of hearts- вглубинедуши to deliver-разносить hitchhiking-путешествие автостопом addict-имеющий пристрастие к чему-либо self-discipline-самодисциплина to bring up-воспитывать personality-личность nobility-благородство will-сила воли 2. Read the text and check your comprehension: «Leisure Activities of British and Russian Teenagers» Britain has in recent years been described as a «leisure society». This is because there is a great variety of leisure pursuits. Young people generally go out on Friday or Saturday nights to a disco, to a concert or to a pub. In recent years going out for a meal or bringing a takeaway meal have become popular too. During the last years there is a great increase in keeping fit and staying healthy. A lot of teens started running, jogging and going to different fitness clubs in their spare time. Aerobics classes and fitness clubs opened in every town, and the number of recreation centers greatly increased. Indoor pools have become very popular. And the same is in Russia. A lot of teens go in for different kinds of sports. Sport helps them to feel as fit as a fiddle. In both countries there are special programmes for problem teenagers such as a high- risk activity, for example they are taught to jump out of aeroplanes . But despite the increase in the number of teens participating in sports, the majority of young people still prefer to be spectators. They prefer to be couch potatoes. Watching sports on TV is a popular leisure activity, as is going to football matches on Saturday. A young generation is found of communication. There are many available methods of communication nowadays, and the most popular one is a computer. A lot of teenagers spend plenty of time working on the computers. The Internet seems really a good fun. You may send e-mail to friends from different countries and get their answers at once. You even may talk to them. It is easy and quick. A lot of teenagers have mobile telephones so they can always be contacted if they keep their telephones switched on at any time of the day or night. A lot of teenagers in both countries are crazy about animals .They race them, train them and breed them. Many teens have a pet animal. It could be a dog, a cat, a goldfish, a bird or a small animal like a hamster. Looking after and being kind to their pets is very important for teens. Why are the teens so interested in animals? Perhaps it's because they are rather shy in their heart of hearts. One of my friends says:» I like my dog, because she never thinks I'm silly». There are plenty of other activities such as travelling, visiting historic places, putting together jigsaw puzzles, hitchhiking. Going to different museums and others. We can say, «So many teens, so many kinds of activities». Well, some words about me. I am seventeen and I am a computer addict. I am fond of communication with other teens. That's why I have a lot of friends in my country and other ones. We send messages from one computer to another one using e-mail, we have online conversations. And I think that my hobby will be useful in my future profession. Besides I spend my free time in a sports club. I go in for kung fu. This fighting itself is a great art, the result of many years of hard work and self-discipline. I'm rather good at kung fu now, but I never use my skills to hurt anybody, unless it is absolutely necessary. Now people know what kung fu is, and I think it may become a sport of future because it brings up your personality, will and nobility. 1. Why is there a great increase in fitness clubs? 2. Why do teens go in for sports? 3. Are you a couch potato? 4. Why is a young generation fond of communication? 5. what methods of communication do you know? 6. Why can people say, «So many teens, so many kinds of activities»? 7. What kind of activity do you prefer? Why? 8. What do you know about kung fu? 3. Work in groups. Read one of the extracts from the book Watching the English. The hidden rules of English behaviour by Kate Fox and say what the most popular pastimes of the English are. Choose a title for the extract you’ve read.
A We do watch quite a lot of television — the national average is about three to three and a half hours a day — but television cannot be said to be killing the art of conversation. In the same survey, 97 per cent of respondents had also entertained or visited friends or relations in the past months. I am also always somewhat skeptical about television viewing figures, ever since I was involved in a research project in which a team of psychologists installed video cameras in ordinary people’s sitting rooms to monitor how much television they watched and how they behaved while watching. The subjects all filled in forms every day, saying what programmers they had seen and estimating how much of each programmers they had actually watched. The differences between their estimates and the reality showed that when people tell a survey researcher that they spent an evening, or an hour, “watching television”, it is more than likely that they were doing no such thing. What they often mean is that they had the television on while they chatted with family or friends, played with the dog, read the newspaper, squabbled over the remote, gossiped on the telephone, cut their toenails, nagged their spouse, cooked and ate supper, did the ironing and hoovering, shouted at their children, fell asleep and so on, perhaps occasionally only glancing at the television screen during that period. B I would add that reading books ranks as even more popular than DIY and gardening in national surveys ofleisure activity, and over 80 per cent of us regularly read a daily newspaper. Our passion for word games and verbal puzzles is well known, but it is also worth noting that every one of the non-verbal hobbies and pastimes that occupy our leisure time — such as fishing, stamp collecting, trainspotting, birdwatching, walking, doing sports, keeping pets, flower arranging, knitting and pigeon fancying — has at least one, if not many more specialist magazines devoted to it. The more popular hobbies each have at least half a dozen dedicated weekly or monthly publications, as well as umpteen internet sites, and we often spend much more time reading about our favourite pastime than we do practising it. C In recent times, the English have found a new and perfect excuse to stay at home, pull up the imaginary drawbridge and avoid the traumas of face-to-face social interaction: the internet, e-mail, chatrooms, surfing, messaging — the whole thing could have been invented for the insular, socially handicapped, word-loving English. In cyberspace, we are in our element: a world of disembodied words. No need to worry about what to wear, whether to make eye contact, whether to shake hands or kiss cheeks or just smile. No awkward pauses or embarrassing starts; no need to fill uncomfortable silences with weather-speak; no polite procrastinating or tea-making or other displacement activity; no need for the usual prolonged goodbyes. Nothing physical, no actual corporeal human beings to deal with at all. Just written words. Our favourite thing. D Keeping pets, for the English, is not so much a leisure activity as an entire way of life. In fact, “keeping pets” is an inaccurate and inadequate expression — it does not begin to convey the exalted status of our animals. An Englishman’s home may be his castle, but his dog is the real king. People in other countries may buy luxurios five-star kennels and silk-lined baskets for their pets, but we, the English, let them take over the whole house. The unwritten rules allow our dogs and cats to sprawl all over our sofas and chairs, always hogging the best places in front of the fire or television. E It’s no accident that almost all of the most popular sports and games played around the world today originated in England. Football, baseball, rugby and tennis were all invented here, and even when we did not actually invent a sport or game, the English were usually the first to lay down a proper, English were usually the first to lay down a proper, official set of rules for it (hockey, horseracing, polo, swimming, rowing, boxing — and even skilling, for heaven’s sake). And that’s not counting all the rather less athletic games and pastimes such as darts, pool, billiards, cards, cribbage and skittles. And let’s not forget hunting, shooting and fishing. 4. Read the extracts again the answers. According to the text: 1 Watching television
2. The survey showed that a) people watch less television than they think they do. b) people watch less television than they think they do. c) people practically don’t watch television at all. 3 The English
4 The word ‘it’ in the part about pets refers to
5 The verb ‘sprawl’ in the text about pets describes a way of
6 Pets in Britain
7 The English
8 The author of the texts
5.Read the text and be ready to speak about your own hobby. «MY HOBBY» Hobby is an occupation which is not a business done for money. In English hobby is something done during one's leisure time for rest and pleasure. That's why hobbies are so different — all people are different. The English say, «so many men, so many minds» and «tastes differ». These proverbs mean that every man has his or her own likes or dislikes, so, he or she gets pleasure from doing different things. I think, all hobbies can be entertaining and useful if you do it with wish and pleasure, otherwise it is just a waste of time. There are many kinds of hobbies. One of the most popular hobbies is collecting. People can collect everything. The most popular items are postcards, stamps, coins and stickers. I myself collect coins. They can tell you a lot about other countries. There are some British coins in my collection. One of the items is a threepence. 20 pence coin has 7 sides and a picture of the crowned rose, which is the symbol of Great Britain. On a five pence coin one can see a blooming thistle, which is the symbol of Scotland. I also enjoy playing computer games and chess. This can be a good hobby. Such hobby isn't good for your health, but they develop thinking. I'm not as fond of gardening as my granny is but since I spend much time with her,especially in summer, I may say that gardening is something I do in my free time. One more popular hobby which I enjoy as well is reading. When you read you learn a lot about the world around you, about other people, history and life of other peoples.People are different and they like different types of literature. I personally like science fiction and historical novels. I think that a person's hobby characterizes the hobbyst . Paraphrasing the famous saying, we can say» Tell me what your hobby is, and I'll tell you who you are». 6. Read the dialogue and make up your own one. A.: What do you do in your free time? B.:I usually read or watch a film. When the weather is good, I also walk And you? A.: Me too. I also like to listen to music. But I have little free time. Do you have much free time? B. :Not very much. A.: Do you have a hobby? What is your hobby? B.: Yes, I have. It is gardening./No, haven't. A.:I have a hobby. It takes much time, but I find it very interesting and exciting. I collect stamps. Have you ever collected stamps? B.: Yes, I have/No, I haven't. A.:I collect stamps connected with nature. I think it is very interesting. Do you know that stamps are issued for every important event? B.: No, I don't. A.: So in my free time I exchange stamps with other collectors or read about stamps. But I also enjoy walking with my friends. Do you like to be with your friends? B.: Yes, I do , but we don't meet often. A.:I meet most of my friends every day because they study in my group. But some of my friends live far away. I meet then only when I am on holidays and come to my grandparents. So when I have some free time, I write letters to them. Do you often write letters? B.: Not quite . A.; Do you like to play computer games? B.: Yes, I do./No, I don't. And you? A.: Oh, I do. When I have enough time, I usually play some shooting game. It's a pityI don't have time to play computer games every day, but to pass a level can takr an hour or more, so I play only at week-ends. I also visit the theatre at week-ends sometimes. So my leisure activities are different. B.: Mine are different, too. 7. Make a mini-project about your hobby. |
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