Методические указания и контрольные задания для судентов-заочников
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SOCIAL WORK Nature of the Social Work Social work is a profession for those with a strong desire to help improve people's lives. Social workers help people function the best way they can in their environment, deal with their relationships, and solve personal and family problems. Social workers often see clients who face a life-threatening disease or a social problem. These problems may include inadequate housing, unemployment, serious illness, disability or abuse. Social workers also assist families that have serious domestic conflicts, including those involving child or spousal abuse. Social workers often provide social services in health-related settings that now are governed by managed-care organizations. To contain costs, these organizations are emphasizing short-term intervention, ambulatory and community-based care, and greater decentralization of services. Most social workers specialize. Although some conduct research or are involved in planning or policy development, most social workers prefer an area of practice in which they interact with clients. Child, family and school social workers provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and academic functioning of children. Some social workers assist single parents; arrange adoptions; and help find foster homes for neglected, abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage, pregnancy, misbehaviour and truancy. They also advise teachers on how to cope with problem students. Some social workers may specialize in services for senior citizens. They run support groups for family caregivers or for the adult children of aging parents. Some advise elderly people or family members about choices in areas such as housing, transportation and long-term care; they also coordinate and monitor services. Through employee assistance programs, they may help workers cope with job-related pressures or with personal problems that affect the quality of their work. Child, family and school social workers typically work in individual and family services agencies, schools, or state or local governments. Job Outlook for Social Workers Competition for social worker jobs is stronger in cities, where demand for services often is highest and training programs for social workers are prevalent. However, opportunities should be good in rural areas, which often find it difficult to attract and retain qualified staff. By specialty, job prospects may be best for those social workers with a background in gerontology and abuse treatment. Employment of social workers is expected to grow faster than the average for all occupations through 2012. The rapidly growing elderly population and the aging baby boom generation will create greater demand for health and social services, resulting in particularly rapid job growth among gerontology social workers. Many job openings also will stem from the need to replace social workers who leave the occupation. As hospitals continue to limit the length of patient stays, the demand for social workers in hospitals will grow more slowly than in other areas. Because hospitals are releasing patients earlier than in the past, social worker employment in home healthcare services is growing. However, the expanding senior population is an even larger factor. Employment opportunities for social workers with backgrounds in gerontology should be good in the growing numbers of assisted-living and senior-living communities. The expanding senior population will also spur demand for social workers in nursing homes, long-term care facilities and hospices. Employment of substance-abuse social workers will grow rapidly over the 2002-12 projection period. Substance abusers are increasingly being placed into treatment programs instead of being sentenced to prison. As this trend grows, demand will increase for treatment programs and social workers to assist abusers on the road to recovery. Employment of social workers in private social service agencies will increase. Employment in state and local government agencies may grow in response to increasing needs for public welfare, family services and child protection services. The American and the Englishman. The Americans like to "move away", to change homes and jobs. They seem to be constantly pulling down old and often quite beautiful houses or throwing away things merely because they are old. They have none of the Englishman's sentimental love for things because they are old. One often hears of the Englishman's "reserve"; how he likes to "keep himself to himself; and how on a long railway journey, with four Englishmen in the carriage, often there won't be a word spoken during the whole journey. That wouldn't be the case in America. The Englishman thinks it is illmannered to ask personal questions. The American doesn't feel that at all. The Englishman prizes privacy, the American prefers sociability. The Englishman's suburban house has its little garden with a hedge or a fence all round it to shut him off from his neighbours. - "The Englishman's hоme is his, castle". The American houses have no hedges or fences separating them from the pavement or from each other. There are none of those little shut-off gardens; generally just a strip of grass with trees on it. The American in his home doesn't object to being seen by everyone - he actually likes it. And inside the house, instead of the separate hall, living-room, dining-room so typical of the English house, the American has the "open plan" house, just one large room where all the family activities (usually noisy) go on with,, perhaps, a "dining recess" or a "kitchen-breakfast-room". The American sociability goes with overwhelming hospitality. You get taken to parties at the houses of your friends; you are invited to theatres, dinners, sports meetings, motor trips; from.the first minute you are on "first name" terms with the people you meet; they all show the keenest interest in your affairs and ask you to let them know if they can help you, and ... by the following week they have forgotten all about you. They like new things - and they get rid of their friends as they do of their cars. No one strikes up acquaintance sooner than the Americans do, and nobody finds it harder to make a real friendship." СОДЕРЖАНИЕ Введение …………………………………………………………………….3 Контрольное задание № 1 ………………………………………………….5 Контрольное задание № 2 …………………………………………………14 Контрольное задание № 3 …………………………………………………23 Контрольное задание № 4 ………………………………………………... 33 Дополнительное чтение ……………………………………………………42 |
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