Методическое обеспечение самостоятельной работы студентов по дисциплинам кафедры «иностранные языки»
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5. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He’s much better than me, so he won easily. 6. What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen! 7. At first I thought I’d done the right thing, but I soon realized that I’d made a serious mistake. 8. Ken gave up smoking two years ago. He’d been smoking for 30 years. 9. Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate. 10. Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you for the last half hour! Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами: can, may, must, to be to, to have to, need, should, ought, would, shall, dare. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. We were completely free! We … do what we wanted. 2. The lecture … to begin at 5 o’clock. 3. I …not find my umbrella. Have you seen it? – It … be in the car. 4. Don’t make much noise. I … some rest. 5. The government … do more to help homeless people. 6. I tried to open the door, but it … not open. 7. … I help you? – How … you offer me your help? 8. You … to write and tell her the news. 9. You’ll … to go the by car, otherwise you will be late. 10. Carol … get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day. Задание 4. Образуйте от прилагательных или наречий, стоящих в скобках, сравнительную или превосходную степень, в зависимости от смысла. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Health and happiness are (important) than money. 2. Don’t worry, the situation is not so bad. It could be (bad). 3. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit (far) away? 4. You were a bit depressed yesterday but you look (good) today. 5. You look (thin). Have you lost weight? 6. The instructions were very complicated. They could have been (simple). 7. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was (crowded) than usual. 8. You’ll find your way around the town (easily) if you have a good map. 9. In some parts of the country, prices are (high) than in others. 10. It’s (cold) today than it was yesterday. Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Вчера я разговаривал с человеком, который провел несколько лет в Китае. 2. Ты всегда моешь свою машину, когда она мне нужна! 3. Если ты мне позвонишь, сегодня вечером, я все расскажу тебе об этом собрании в подробностях. 4. Мне позвонить вам, когда доктор поставит диагноз? 5. Через неделю мы уже сдадим экзамены. 6. Последний раз я видел его на собрании. Последнее время я часто его вижу. 7. Когда она была ребенком, она мечтала о поездке в Англию. Она мечтает об этой поездке уже много лет. 8. Она проплакала целый час, и глаза её были красными и опухшими. 9. Он тщательно изучал бумаги не менее получаса, прежде чем подписал их. 10. Ты никуда не пойдешь пока не сделаешь уроки! Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 1-й абзац. MULTITASKING (Adapted from S.McCartney) From the earliest time people have been trying to do several things simultaneously. They can read a book, cook dinner, talk on the phone, and do many other things at the same time. As the cars have become available, the time of multitasking has increased: people drive, listen to the radio, eat, and smoke in their cars at the same time. Now an arsenal of new technology (from notebook computers to cellular phones and portable televisions) makes it possible for everybody to multitask all day. The computer industry introduced the word “multitasking” into the vocabulary. Mainframe computers that handled networks were the original multitaskers. Apple’s and Microsoft’s software turned millions of personal computers into multitaskers. Today millions of people can set their personal computers to multitask while they are themselves multitasking: talking on the phone, receiving faxes, and looking through newspapers at the same time. While multitasking is not bad for computers, it may be a bad thing for some people. Psychologists say it is possible for the human brain to process two or more tasks at the same time, but only one of them receives full attention. Multitasking makes people’s stressful life even more stressful. Because of the limitation of the human brain, multitasking can lead to many mistakes. Indeed, a person who is doing several things at the same time may put the wrong number in a spreadsheet or send a message on a wrong e-mail address. Now multitasking takes place nearly everywhere. A lot of businessmen and managers are never far from their notebook computers and cellular telephones. They are almost always doing two or three things at once, driving and dialing, speaking and typing on their computers. That’s the world we live in right now. (from Богацкий И.С., Дюканова Н.М. Бизнес-курс английского языка. Словарь-справочник. Киев, 2004. С 201 – 202) Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. What is multitasking? 2. Are you a multitasker? 3. How many things are you doing at the same time: at your office, at home, when you are driving home? Вариант 4 Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски определенным или неопределенным артиклем, если это необходимо. Определите по грамматическим признакам, в какой роли выступает окончание –s, т.е. служит ли оно: а) показателем множественного числа существительного; б) показателем притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. … Caucasus separates … Black Sea from … Caspian Sea. 2. What … silly mistakes I have made! 3. … large steel bridge joins … two banks of … river. 4. He brought … Helen’s book yesterday. 5. He deserves … punishment. 6. Every machine requires some sort of … power to operate it. 7. He usually smokes … cigarettes or … pipe. 8. My mother’s room overlooks … sea. 9. Which would you like: … apples or … oranges? 10. He received … letters from St. Petersburg yesterday. Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Catherine wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. 2. Vegetarians do not eat meat. 3. The police stopped me on the way home last night. 4. Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking dinner. 5. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this has happened. 6. Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 7. When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. 8. I was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day. 9. What time are you leaving tomorrow? 10. I’m going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I’ll be lying on a beach or swimming in the sea. Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами: can, may, must, to be to, to have to, need, should, ought, would, shall, dare. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. This restaurant … be very good. It is always full of people. 2. Ann … not come to the party tonight. She is not feeling well. 3. The plane … to take off at 4 o’clock. 4. You have enough time. You … not leave now. 5. She wouldn’t … enter this room again, otherwise she … regret about it. 6. They … often talk about their life. 7. Flowers … to grow well here. 8. Students … take their examinations twice a year. 9. My eyesight isn’t very good. I … to wear glasses for reading. 10. She spoke in a very low voice, but I … not understand what she said. Задание 4. Образуйте от прилагательных или наречий, стоящих в скобках, сравнительную или превосходную степень, в зависимости от смысла. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Let’s go by car. It’s (cheap). 2. Could you speak a little bit (slow)? 3. This bag is slightly (heavy) than the other one. 4. Her illness was (serious) than we thought at first. 5. It’s becoming (difficult) to find a job. 6. My bags seemed to get (heavy) as I carried them. 7. Since she has been in Britain, her English has got (good). 8. That hole in your pullover is getting (big). 9. As the conversation went on, he became (talkative). 10. I’m sorry I’m a bit late but I couldn’t get there (early). Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Какой-то человек ждет вас в вестибюле. 2. Кто эта женщина? – Она – жена одного инженера, который работает на нашем заводе. 3. Дверь открылась, и в комнату вошел какой-то человек с чемоданом в руках. 4. Рассказ, который я только что прочел, очень интересный. 5. Дом, который строит эта компания, будет один из самых красивых в нашем городе. 6. Она, должно быть, просто не понимает важности вопроса. 7. Вы можете на него положиться, он очень ответственный человек. 8. В следующем году будет двадцать лет как они женаты. Разве это не прекрасно? 9. Он закончил все дела к субботе и теперь мог ехать в отпуск. 10. Они разговаривали об инспекторе какое-то время и прекратили разговор только когда увидели его. Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 2-й абзац. WHO COMES FIRST? A child’s place in the family birth order may play a role in the type of occupations thet will interest him or her as an adult, new research suggests. In two related studies, researchers found that only children - and to a certain extent first-born children – were more interested in intellectual, cognitive pursuits than were later-born children. In contrast, later-born children were more interested in both artistic and outdoor-related careers. These results fit into theories that say our place in family birth order will influence our personality, said Frederick T.L. Leong, co-author of the study and professor of psychology at Ohio State University. Parents typically place different demands and have different expectations of children depending on their birth order, Leong said. For example, parents may be extremely protective of only children and worry about physical safety. That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic pursuits rather than physical or outdoor activities. Only children will tend to get more time and attention from their parents than children with siblings. This will often make them feel special but the downside is that they may suffer occasional pangs of jealousy and loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life. The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along – transforming them from being the centre of attention, to then sharing the care of parents. Being the youngest in the family can sometimes be stifling and frustrating experience, especially if they’re looking to be taken seriously and treated like an adult. The last-born is more likely than the other birth order positions to take up dangerous sports. This may be a sign of the last-born’s rebellious streak – a result of being fed up with always being bossed about by everyone else in the family. Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children, and this may contribute to them becoming good negotiators – of all the birth-order positions they are most skilful at dealing with authority figures and those holding inferior positions. (from Richard Acklam, Araminta Crace. Total English Student's book. Upper intermediate. – Longman, 2006, P.10) Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. What are the advantages / disadvantages of being born first, middle or last in a family? 2. Do you think it is good to be an only child? Why? Why not? Вариант 5 Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски определенным или неопределенным артиклем, если это необходимо. Определите по грамматическим признакам, в какой роли выступает окончание –s, т.е. служит ли оно: а) показателем множественного числа существительного; б) показателем притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. She lives in … doll’s house at the back of the garden 2. Her husband made her presents of … books she did not read. 3. Your friends have just arrived at … station. 4. Tim’s father is … doctor. He works at … hospital. 5. I know a lot of people. Most of them are … students. 6. She is out visiting … neighbor’s daughter. 7. Some birds, for example … penguin, cannot fly. 8. Those are … nice shoes. Where did you get them? 9. When we got to the city centre, … some shops were still open, but most of them were closed. 10. The theatre had … three weeks’ ballet season. Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Please don’t make so much noise, I’m working. 2. In summer John usually plays tennis once or twice a week. 3. She passed her examinations because she studied very hard. 4. I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book. 5. Alice isn’t here at the moment. She’s gone to the shop to get a newspaper. 6. Tim is still watching television. He’s been watching television all day. 7. When we got home last night, we found that somebody had broken into the flat. 8. Our game of tennis was interrupted. We’d been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain. 9. I am going on holiday next Saturday. 10. Tom won’t pass the examination. He hasn’t work hard enough for it. Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами: can, may, must, to be to, to have to, need, should, ought, would, shall, dare. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. … you speak any foreign language? 2. She is a really nice person. You … meet her. But you will … to wait, because she works till 5 o ‘clock. 3. You … not believe everything you read in the newspapers. 4. You … to write and tell her the news. 5. They … spend a lot of time together. 6. You’ve been traveling all day. You … be tired. 7. I’m not sure whether I can lend you any money. I … not have enough. 8. You can come with me if you like, but you … not come if you don’t want to. 9. He … be punished. 10. She wouldn’t … enter this room again. Задание 4. Образуйте от прилагательных или наречий, стоящих в скобках, сравнительную или превосходную степень, в зависимости от смысла. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. It’s too noisy here. Can we get somewhere (quiet)? 2. This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit (strong). 3. It is one of the (nice) rooms in the hotel. 4. We stayed at the (cheap) hotel in this town. 5. I was surprised how easy it was to use computer. I thought it would be (difficult). 6. Today is (cold) than it was yesterday. 7. Today we wrote (difficult) dictation than yesterday. 8. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expect it to be (expensive). 9. She is (beautiful) girl in our class. 10. The weather is too cold in this country. I’d like to live somewhere (warm). Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Он не смотрел на человека, с которым говорил. 2. Его не интересовали новости об этом происшествии. 3. Чай слишком крепкий, ты, наверное, любишь такой. 4. Он вынужден был уехать из города. 5. Ученые работают над этой проблемой много лет. 6. Они смеялись так весело, что я не мог не рассмеяться тоже. 7. Когда вам будет нужна помощь, обращайтесь ко мне. 8. Если он будет сегодня в театре, я познакомлю его с моей сестрой. 9. Вы делали доклад в понедельник или во вторник? 10. Вы давно здесь живете? Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите … абзац. THE DAILY GRIND WE JUST CAN’T DO WITHOUT Work may sometimes seem like hell, but when we haven’t got it, we miss it. We miss it, we want it and perhaps we even need it. Everyone wants to be valued and salary is proof that we matter. Not any job will do, however. Housework and voluntary work tend to be seen as non-jobs. In our work-centered culture, a “proper job” means paid employment. Being paid for a job is better for our self-esteem. Of course, we would also prefer work to be useful and interesting, as well as paid. But you don’t have to enjoy your job to get psychological benefits from it. According to some experts, achieving unenjoyable tasks during our work actually contributes to our sense of well-being. The obligation to be in a particular place at a particular time, working as part of a team towards a common goal, gives us a sense of structure and purpose that we find difficult to impose on ourselves. For a lot of us, the workplace has also taken over from the community as the place of human contact. For most of us, work often functions as a social club, an information network, an informal dating agency and a marriage bureau. Although genuine workaholics are uncommon, many of us are job addicts without realizing it. When we can’t work for whatever reason, we show similar signs to real addicts who are deprived of their fix - we become irritable and lethargic. (from Richard Acklam, Araminta Crace. Total English Student's book. Upper intermediate. – Longman, 2006, P.20) Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. What does working in a team contribute to our life? 2. What functions does work fulfill for many people? Контрольная работа № 2 Вариант 1 Задание 1. Определите в следующих предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык.
Задание 2. Поставьте сказуемое придаточного предложения в нужную форму, учитывая правила согласования времен.
Задание 3. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
Задание 4. Подчеркните инфинитив, комплексы и конструкции с инфинитивом, переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. To walk in the garden is pleasant. 2. His hobby is to collect stamps. 3. The boy promised to behave well. 4. He was sorry to have come so early. 5. To teach is a responsible task. 6. Pat saw her drive off about an hour later. 7. He was never seen to leave the house again. 8. It’s a shame for you to be so careless. 9. He is considered to be a great man 10. He expected his girlfriend to drive him home. Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Я его самого спрошу об этом происшествии. 2. Она сама ответит на это письмо. 3. Папа всегда моет свою машину, когда я хочу ее взять. 4. Мы шли пешком в течение нескольких часов. Мне нужен отдых. 5. Мама сказала, что завтра мы пойдем в кино. 6. Я не могу понять это правило? Не могли бы вы объяснить его еще раз? 7. Если ты сделал уроки, то можешь пойти погулять. 8. Париж - один из самых красивых городов в мире. 9. Раньше мы ходили на каток каждую субботу. 10. Андриан получил в качестве подарка на день рождение - новую удочку. Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 3-й абзац. THETRES AND ENTERTAINMENT IN ENGLAND There are a lot of places of entertainment in England. Almost every city and large town has a museum of arts, archaeology. Natural history, and a theatre. In London most places of entertainment are concentrated in the West End and Soho, where you can find many concert halls, theatres, and international (Greek, Italian, Indian) restaurants. All this information can be found in the magazine “Time out”, newspaper “Evening Standard”, and many other publications. To visit some London night clubs, such as Annabell’s or Tramp’s one need to be a member, or to go with a member, but for others, such as Stringfellow’s or Wag Club, Madame JoJo’s, and Heven, membership is not necessary. There are some large dancing halls, e.g. Hippodrome in Leicester Square, and many small ones. London has the British Museum, with its vast collection of artistic and ethnographic material from all over the world, and the Victoria and Albert Museum, including extensive collections of works of fine and applied arts. London has 400 art galleries, ranging from historic public collections to small public and commercial galleries. The national collections are housed at the National Gallery, the Tate Gallery, and the Portrait Gallery, while among the city’s many permanent collections, the Courtauld Institute Galleries can boast many famous names, including many of the most important Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works. (Богацкий И.С., Дюканова Н.М. Бизнес.курс английского языка. Словарь-справочник. Киев, 2004. С. 171 – 172.) Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. What are the main London Museums? 2. Which collections one can find in London Museums? Вариант 2 Задание 1. Определите в следующих предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. I get the train to work every day and the fare is quite expensive. 2. Captain Cook discovered Australia on a voyage to the Pacific. 3. I have been writing this for hours and it’s still not right. 4. I think Iam going to buy the new Racetrack CD. 5. I’m thinking of getting Dad a CD for his birthday. 6. He’s only just got home. 7. Have you ever been to Ipswich before? 8. Dan is sleeping in the living room while we redecorate his bedroom. 9. Unfortunately Simon doesn’t get a day off very often. 10. At ten past ten tomorrow, I will be taking my science exam. Задание 2. Поставьте сказуемое придаточного предложения в нужную форму, учитывая правила согласования времен.
Задание 3. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
Задание 4. Подчеркните инфинитив, комплексы и конструкции с инфинитивом, переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. His intention was to teach his son English. 2. An experienced teacher can teach well. 3. She is glad to be teaching such clever students. 4. She is an easy to deal with. 5. Fortune is easily found, but hard to be kept. 6. We considered him to be a good teacher. 7. The government declared this territory to be a national park. 8. You are supposed to have finished the work. 9. The competition was reported to be postponed. 10. It is not the right time for you to speak about it. Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Как вы себя чувствуете? 2. Не брейтесь в темноте, вы порежетесь. 3. Ваше заявление рассматривается, и мы дадим вам знать о нашем решении сразу же. 4. Красивый вид, не так ли? 5. Если я выиграю в лотерею, я каждому дам немного денег. 6. Я обещал маме, что в этом году буду учиться прилежно. 7. У моего лучшего друга хороший характер, и каждый любит ее. 8. Только что опубликовали статью о нашем университете. 9. Проигнорируй то, что Сара говорит о тебе. Это не зависть, она просто нервничает. 10. Дети должны слушаться родителей. Раньше дети были очень послушными. Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 1-й абзац. THE RISE OF AMERICA British colonization over a period of three centuries scattered the English language to all the countries of the world. But the spread of American English in the twentieth century has contributed most to the increasing number of English-speakers in the world today. In the 1770s, the English spoken by the colonists in America hardly different from the English spoken in Britain. These people still referred to Britain as the mother country and their language was a last, lingering link with the homeland they had left. But once the political breakaway had occurred, contact between the two countries diminished and American English began to develop a character of its own. When Noah Webster compiled his first dictionary of American English in 1806, he was clearly thinking of it as a language in its own right. Successive editions of the dictionary gave proof that the gap between British and American English was widening. Languages are constantly changing and English is no exception. But in the case of American English, mass immigration speeded up the pace of change. (from Carol Goodwright, Janet Olearski. In the English-Speaking World. Chancerel International Publishers, 1998, P.10) Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. Why are there two variants of the English language, British and American one? 2. Who is Noah Webster? 3. Is the gap between British and American English widening? Вариант 3 Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски определенным или неопределенным артиклем, если это необходимо. Определите по грамматическим признакам, в какой роли выступает окончание –s, т.е. служит ли оно: а) показателем множественного числа существительного; б) показателем притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Lomonosov, … great Russian scientist, was born in … small village, on … White Sea’s shore. 2. … Elbrus is … highest peak of … Caucasian Mountains. 3. … coal is one of … most important natural resources in our country. 4. He took … doctor’s arm and led him out of the room. 5. There are … seven days in … week. 6. I am not very good at writing … letters. 7. There were … very few people in the shops today. They were almost empty. 8. George always wants … things quickly. He’s got no … patience. 9. Jane travels a lot. She has been to … many countries. 10. He went up to the third floor where … assistants’ office was located. Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Let's go out now. It isn’t raining any more. 2. How often do you go to the dentist? 3. The bed was very uncomfortable, I didn’t sleep very well. 4. I was walking along the road when I saw Dave. So I stopped and we had a chat. 5. Paul and I played tennis yesterday. He’s much better than me, so he won easily. 6. What a boring film! It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen! 7. At first I thought I’d done the right thing, but I soon realized that I’d made a serious mistake. 8. Ken gave up smoking two years ago. He’d been smoking for 30 years. 9. Will you please be quiet? I’m trying to concentrate. 10. Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you for the last half hour! Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами: can, may, must, to be to, to have to, need, should, ought, would, shall, dare. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. We were completely free! We … do what we wanted. 2. The lecture … to begin at 5 o’clock. 3. I …not find my umbrella. Have you seen it? – It … be in the car. 4. Don’t make much noise. I … some rest. 5. The government … do more to help homeless people. 6. I tried to open the door, but it … not open. 7. … I help you? – How … you offer me your help? 8. You … to write and tell her the news. 9. You’ll … to go the by car, otherwise you will be late. 10. Carol … get very bored with her job. She does the same thing every day. Задание 4. Образуйте от прилагательных или наречий, стоящих в скобках, сравнительную или превосходную степень, в зависимости от смысла. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Health and happiness are (important) than money. 2. Don’t worry, the situation is not so bad. It could be (bad). 3. You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit (far) away? 4. You were a bit depressed yesterday but you look (good) today. 5. You look (thin). Have you lost weight? 6. The instructions were very complicated. They could have been (simple). 7. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was (crowded) than usual. 8. You’ll find your way around the town (easily) if you have a good map. 9. In some parts of the country, prices are (high) than in others. 10. It’s (cold) today than it was yesterday. Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Вчера я разговаривал с человеком, который провел несколько лет в Китае. 2. Ты всегда моешь свою машину, когда она мне нужна! 3. Если ты мне позвонишь, сегодня вечером, я все расскажу тебе об этом собрании в подробностях. 4. Мне позвонить вам, когда доктор поставит диагноз? 5. Через неделю мы уже сдадим экзамены. 6. Последний раз я видел его на собрании. Последнее время я часто его вижу. 7. Когда она была ребенком, она мечтала о поездке в Англию. Она мечтает об этой поездке уже много лет. 8. Она проплакала целый час, и глаза её были красными и опухшими. 9. Он тщательно изучал бумаги не менее получаса, прежде чем подписал их. 10. Ты никуда не пойдешь пока не сделаешь уроки! Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 1-й абзац. MULTITASKING (Adapted from S.McCartney) From the earliest time people have been trying to do several things simultaneously. They can read a book, cook dinner, talk on the phone, and do many other things at the same time. As the cars have become available, the time of multitasking has increased: people drive, listen to the radio, eat, and smoke in their cars at the same time. Now an arsenal of new technology (from notebook computers to cellular phones and portable televisions) makes it possible for everybody to multitask all day. The computer industry introduced the word “multitasking” into the vocabulary. Mainframe computers that handled networks were the original multitaskers. Apple’s and Microsoft’s software turned millions of personal computers into multitaskers. Today millions of people can set their personal computers to multitask while they are themselves multitasking: talking on the phone, receiving faxes, and looking through newspapers at the same time. While multitasking is not bad for computers, it may be a bad thing for some people. Psychologists say it is possible for the human brain to process two or more tasks at the same time, but only one of them receives full attention. Multitasking makes people’s stressful life even more stressful. Because of the limitation of the human brain, multitasking can lead to many mistakes. Indeed, a person who is doing several things at the same time may put the wrong number in a spreadsheet or send a message on a wrong e-mail address. Now multitasking takes place nearly everywhere. A lot of businessmen and managers are never far from their notebook computers and cellular telephones. They are almost always doing two or three things at once, driving and dialing, speaking and typing on their computers. That’s the world we live in right now. (from Богацкий И.С., Дюканова Н.М. Бизнес-курс английского языка. Словарь-справочник. Киев, 2004. С 201 – 202). Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. What is multitasking? 2. Are you a multitasker? 3. How many things are you doing at the same time: at your office, at home, when you are driving home? Вариант 4 Задание 1. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски определенным или неопределенным артиклем, если это необходимо. Определите по грамматическим признакам, в какой роли выступает окончание –s, т.е. служит ли оно: а) показателем множественного числа существительного; б) показателем притяжательного падежа существительного; в) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Simple. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. … Caucasus separates … Black Sea from … Caspian Sea. 2. What … silly mistakes I have made! 3. … large steel bridge joins … two banks of … river. 4. He brought … Helen’s book yesterday. 5. He deserves … punishment. 6. Every machine requires some sort of … power to operate it. 7. He usually smokes … cigarettes or … pipe. 8. My mother’s room overlooks … sea. 9. Which would you like: … apples or … oranges? 10. He received … letters from Leningrad yesterday. Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Catherine wants to work in Italy, so she is learning Italian. 2. Vegetarians do not eat meat. 3. The police stopped me on the way home last night. 4. Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking dinner. 5. Linda has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this has happened. 6. Why are your clothe so dirty? What have you been doing? 7. When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home. 8. I was very tired when I arrived home. I’d been working hard all day. 9. What time are you leaving tomorrow? 10. I’m going on holiday on Saturday. This time next week I’ll be lying on a beach or swimming in the sea. Задание 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, заполнив пропуски модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами: can, may, must, to be to, to have to, need, should, ought, would, shall, dare. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. This restaurant … be very good. It is always full of people. 2. Ann … not come to the party tonight. She is not feeling well. 3. The plane … to take off at 4 o’clock. 4. You have enough time. You … not leave now. 5. She wouldn’t … enter this room again, otherwise she … regret about it. 6. They … often talk about their life. 7. Flowers … to grow well here. 8. Students … take their examinations twice a year. 9. My eyesight isn’t very good. I … to wear glasses for reading. 10. She spoke in a very low voice, but I … not understand what she said. Задание 4. Образуйте от прилагательных или наречий, стоящих в скобках, сравнительную или превосходную степень, в зависимости от смысла. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Let’s go by car. It’s (cheap). 2. Could you speak a little bit (slow)? 3. This bag is slightly (heavy) than the other one. 4. Her illness was (serious) than we thought at first. 5. It’s becoming (difficult) to find a job. 6. My bags seemed to get (heavy) as I carried them. 7. Since she has been in Britain, her English has got (good). 8. That hole in your pullover is getting (big). 9. As the conversation went on, he became (talkative). 10. I’m sorry I’m a bit late but I couldn’t get there (early). Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Какой-то человек ждет вас в вестибюле. 2. Кто эта женщина? – Она – жена одного инженера, который работает на нашем заводе. 3. Дверь открылась, и в комнату вошел какой-то человек с чемоданом в руках. 4. Рассказ, который я только что прочел, очень интересный. 5. Дом, который строит эта компания, будет один из самых красивых в нашем городе. 6. Она, должно быть, просто не понимает важности вопроса. 7. Вы можете на него положиться, он очень ответственный человек. 8. В следующем году будет двадцать лет как они женаты. Разве это не прекрасно? 9. Он закончил все дела к субботе и теперь мог ехать в отпуск. 10. Они разговаривали об инспекторе какое-то время и прекратили разговор только когда увидели его. Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 2-й абзац. WHO COMES FIRST? A child’s place in the family birth order may play a role in the type of occupations thet will interest him or her as an adult, new research suggests. In two related studies, researchers found that only children - and to a certain extent first-born children – were more interested in intellectual, cognitive pursuits than were later-born children. In contrast, later-born children were more interested in both artistic and outdoor-related careers. These results fit into theories that say our place in family birth order will influence our personality, said Frederick T.L. Leong, co-author of the study and professor of psychology at Ohio State University. Parents typically place different demands and have different expectations of children depending on their birth order, Leong said. For example, parents may be extremely protective of only children and worry about physical safety. That may be why only children are more likely to show interest in academic pursuits rather than physical or outdoor activities. Only children will tend to get more time and attention from their parents than children with siblings. This will often make them feel special but the downside is that they may suffer occasional pangs of jealousy and loneliness when friends discuss their brothers and sisters and family life. The first-born is an only child until the second child comes along – transforming them from being the centre of attention, to then sharing the care of parents. Being the youngest in the family can sometimes be stifling and frustrating experience, especially if they’re looking to be taken seriously and treated like an adult. The last-born is more likely than the other birth order positions to take up dangerous sports. This may be a sign of the last-born’s rebellious streak – a result of being fed up with always being bossed about by everyone else in the family. Middle-borns have to learn to get on with older and younger children, and this may contribute to them becoming good negotiators – of all the birth-order positions they are most skilful at dealing with authority figures and those holding inferior positions. (from Richard Acklam, Araminta Crace. Total English Student's book. Upper intermediate. – Longman, 2006, P.10) Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. What are the advantages/ disadvantages of being born first, middle or last in a family? 2. Do you think it is good to be an only child? Why? Why not? Вариант 5 Задание 1. Определите в следующих предложениях видовременные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Where have you been? I’ve been looking for you for the last half hour. 2. George hasn’t been feeling well recently. 3. I’ve been working hard, so now I’m going to have a rest. 4. The ground is wet. It’s been raining. 5. Ann was sitting in an armchair watching television. She was tired because she’d been working very hard. 6. We are good friends. We had known each other for years. 7. I will begin to work at ten o’clock in the morning. When you return home at five o’clock, I will have been working for seven hours. 8. By the 1st of June, 2011, we will have been working at the factory for twenty years. 9. I have been working at this book for already a year, but it is not ready yet. Задание 2. Поставьте сказуемое придаточного предложения в нужную форму, учитывая правила согласования времен.
Задание 3. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
Задание 4. Подчеркните инфинитив и комплексы и конструкции с инфинитивом, переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. It is never too late to learn. 2. This problem was difficult to work out. 3. It is absolutely necessary to acquire a good pronunciation. 4. She plays the piano well enough to give concerts. 5. They were seen to talk about it. 6. She is too young to understand these things. 7. Pat saw her drive off about an hour later. 8. He pronounced the victim to be dead. 9. You are supposed to have finished the work. 10. It’s a shame for you to be so careless. Задание 5. Переведите предложения на английский язык. 1. Он обжегся. 2. Они очень много рассказали нам о себе. 3. Он потерял свои ключи во второй раз и тем самым просто вывел меня из себя. 4. Том! Наконец-то! Я ждала тебя целую вечность! 5. Питер женится в следующую субботу. 6. У Мэри ужасная головная боль, сейчас она в постели. 7. Я, вероятно, вернусь немного позже. 8. Надеюсь, погода будет завтра хорошей. 9. Люси просто отказалась слушать совет отца. 10. Напишите имя и адрес на багаже, в случае если он потеряется. Задание 6. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Письменно переведите 3-й абзац. THINK BEFORE YOU MEET (MEETING TECHNIQUES) What do corporate leaders do all day? Much of their time is spent in meetings. No wonder: the rules of team-working are established in meetings, which in terms are the basic building blocks of corporate existence. However, meetings might not always be the best use of the team’s time. Meetings like teams, do not necessarily achieve what they set out to do. One recent study in America by consultants Synectics found that senior and middle managers spent more than three-quarters of their time in meetings. On average, only 12 per cent of managers thought their meetings were productive. In high/performing companies, that figure rose to 25 per cent and in the lower performers it dropped to 2 per cent. Team leaders should do everything they can to make sure they organize the meetings properly. Indeed, running meetings well is clearly an art, and a growing number of companies (including Synectics, which modestly claims to run the best meetings in the world) are offering help. Lots of meetings, of course, happen in the corridor or around the coffee machine, and those are probably the most efficient sort, because they tend to be spontaneous, small and quick. Bigger ones are usually more problematic, and team members have to put up with meetings where too little thought goes into agenda, the location, the people asked to attend and the outcome, say those try to improve them. That allows unimportant ideas or tedious individuals to hog the floor, with the result that a lot of team members find it hard to look forward to the next meeting. Meetings tend to be held either to share information or to solve problems. For the first sort, Roger Neill of Synectics advocates asking all the participants to say at the end what they think they have heard, and correcting their accounts if they are wrong. With problem-solving, the aim ought not to be just brainstorming and coming up with ideas but also paying proper attention to putting solutions into practice. He also thinks it is wise to ask people what they liked about the things they heard; criticism usually comes unasked. Pessimism, skepticism and challenge all cause trouble. The way to get a good decision is to frame the question carefully. If you want to invest in China, do not announce that you are planning to do this, or ask the meeting whether you should. Instead, enlist your colleagues’ help by saying: “We want to be in the Chinese market: how do we get there?” (from Tonya Trappe, Graham Tullis. Intelligent Business. Coursebook. Upper Intermediate. Business English. Longman, 2006. P.25) Задание 7. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту. 1. Why are corridor and coffee machine meetings often efficient? 2. What are the reasons for holding meetings? 3. What is the way to get a good decision? |
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